CaC2与CsF活化环己酮与乙腈反应合成环己烯乙腈

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0262

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电石是一种煤化工产品，其强碱性对很多碱催化反应具有潜在的促进作用。本文首次报道了电石和氟化铯对环己酮与乙腈反应的促进作用，考察了反应时间、温度和氟化铯用量对反应的影响。结果表明，氟化铯与环己酮具有强络合作用，可以提高羰基的反应活性；碳化钙不但可通过其去质子化作用来提高乙腈的亲核反应活性，还可促进目标产物的形成。在碳化钙和氟化铯的共同作用下，可实现环己烯乙腈的高效合成，而碳化钙则定量转化为乙炔。在100℃和物料比n _氟化铯∶n _碳化钙∶n _环己酮∶n _乙腈=1∶5.7∶10∶35.5条件下常压回流3h，环己酮的转化率和环己烯乙腈的收率分别达97.5%与87.9%，远高于其他合成方法。本研究提供了一种绿色、高效的1-环己烯乙腈合成新方法，对于研究电石作为强碱性物质促进乙腈与其他羰基化合物反应具有重要借鉴意义。

关键词: 碳化钙, 化学反应, 活化, 合成, 多相反应

Abstract:

CaC₂ is a commodity chemical, and is of potential use in some alkaline catalyzed reactions. The synergetic activation effect of CaC₂-CsF for the reaction of cyclohexanone (CYC) and acetonitrile (ACN) was reported for the first time. The effects of reaction time, temperature and dosage of activating agents on the reaction were investigated. The results show that the reactivity of CYC is enhanced by the strong complexation between CsF and CYC, and the nucleophilic reactivity of ACN is enhanced via its deprotonation by the strong basicity of CaC₂. The reaction proceeds efficiently at mild conditions under synergetic action of CaC₂ and CsF, yielding 1-cyclohexenylacetonitrile (1-CAC) and acetylene simultaneously. The present method is much superior to the reported other synthetic methods , 97.5% of CYC conversion and 87.9% of 1-CAC yield can be obtained in 3h at 100℃ (n _CsF∶n _CaC2∶n _CYC∶n _ACN=1∶5.7∶10∶35.5). This study provides a novel method for the efficient synthesis of 1-CAC, and the result is instructive for the utilization of CaC₂ as a strong base in promoting the reaction of ACN with other carbonyl compounds.

Key words: calcium carbide, chemical reaction, activation, synthesis, multiphase reaction

中图分类号:

TQ203.9

姜茂强,孟洪,陆颖舟,李春喜. CaC₂与CsF活化环己酮与乙腈反应合成环己烯乙腈[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(11): 4971-4977.

Maoqiang JIANG,Hong MENG,Yingzhou LU,Chunxi LI. Synthesis of 1-cyclohexenylacetonitrile using cyclohexanone and acetonitrile under synergetic activation of CaC₂ and CsF[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(11): 4971-4977.

图/表 10

表1 碳化钙和氟化铯的影响

序号	反应物1	反应物2	促进剂	活化剂	环己酮转化率/%	1-环己烯乙腈产率/%
1	环己酮	乙腈	电石	—	0	0
2	环己酮	乙腈	—	氟化铯	0	0
3	环己酮	乙腈	电石	氟化铯	92.7	75.8
4	环己酮	乙腈	电石	氟化钾	0	0

图1 氟化铯-环己酮络合物的UV-vis和13C NMR表征结果

图2 电石反应后的XRD谱图

图3 环己酮转化率及目标产物产率随温度的变化（实验条件：CaC2 2.00g，乙腈 5.00g，氟化铯 0.532g，环己酮 3.434g）

图4 环己酮转化率和产物收率随氟化铯用量的变化（实验条件：CaC2 2.00g，乙腈5.00g，环己酮 3.434g，90℃）

图5 环己酮转化率及目标产物收率随时间的变化

图6 环己酮转化率和1-环己烯乙腈收率随反应时间的变化（反应条件：100℃，n 氟化铯∶n 环己酮=1∶10，碳化钙4.000g，乙腈15.00g，环己酮10.30g，氟化铯1.60g，200r/min）

图7 环己酮转化率和1-环己烯乙腈收率随反应时间的变化（反应条件：电石4.00g，乙腈15.00g，氟化铯1.595g，100℃预热2h，然后加环己酮10.305g）

图8 CaC2-CsF协同活化环己酮与乙腈反应的可能机理

图9 敞口回流和密闭反应条件下的产物分布比较（反应条件：100℃，4h，n 氟化铯∶n 环己酮=1∶10，CaC2 4.00g，乙腈15.0g，环己酮 10.30g，氟化铯 1.60g）

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CaC₂与CsF活化环己酮与乙腈反应合成环己烯乙腈

Synthesis of 1-cyclohexenylacetonitrile using cyclohexanone and acetonitrile under synergetic activation of CaC₂ and CsF

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