生物法在油田地面处理及地下开采系统中的应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.11.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 概述了生物技术在油田地面处理和地下开采系统中的发展现状和存在的问题，重点论述了在地面和地下两个生产系统中的热点研究方向。在地面处理系统中，生物技术已经涉足到多个研究领域，尤以生物修复、生物破乳、生物絮凝3个方面得到了广泛研究和一定应用，但受到技术成熟度、实际工况条件、处理成本等因素的限制，制约了其进一步的推广和应用。在地下开采系统中，生物技术涉猎范围很小。其中，微生物驱油技术历经几十年的发展，业已成为油田系统最具深远意义的前沿热点研究领域，部分成果已经得到了小规模的应用，但该技术难以实现受控，且极大地受到油藏特点的影响，限制了其推广；此外，近年来发展起来的油藏勘探技术成为一大亮点，利用地表微生物群落构成识别油藏的位置已经取得了一定成果。未来随着相关技术不断完善，解决与实际工况条件有机契合问题，将促使生物技术在油田生产中有更为广阔的发展前景。

关键词: 生物技术, 油田, 微生物修复, 生物破乳, 生物絮凝, 微生物驱油, 微生物勘探

Abstract: In this paper, biotreatments applied to ground processing and underground mining in oilfield were summarized and discussed mainly on as the present development situation and existing problems. In ground processing system, biological technology is involved in many research areas, such as bioremediation, biological demulsification, and biofloculation. It has been extensively researched, but moderately applied. However, further promotion and application are severely hindered due to the constraints of the technology maturity, the actual working conditions and treatment costs. In underground mining system, the application scope of biological technology is comparatively narrow, and microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) has become the most profound forefront research area in oilfield during decades of development. Some achievements have been applied on small scale, yet this technology would be greatly influenced by different characteristics of reservoirs. Hence, it is of great difficulty to apply MEOR in the controlled environment, which would be the restraint from its popularization. Besides, microbial prospecting of oil and gas (MPOG), a recently-developed microbiological exploration technology to identify the location of the reservoir based on the surface composition of microbial community, has already achieved some results. With the future improvement of the related technologies and the solutions to the actual working condition problems, biological technology is bound to be developed more broadly in oilfield production.

Key words: biotechnology, oil field, bioremediation, biological demulsification, biofloculation, microbial enhanced oil recovery, microbial prospecting of oil and gas

中图分类号:

X592
X172

姜岩, 张晓华, 梁新元, 张贤明. 生物法在油田地面处理及地下开采系统中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(11): 3383-3391.

JIANG Yan, ZHANG Xiaohua, LIANG Xinyuan, ZHANG Xianming. Biotechnological application to ground processing and underground mining in oil field[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2016, 35(11): 3383-3391.

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