超临界水热燃烧技术研究及应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.07.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 超临界水热燃烧技术作为一种新型的高效清洁燃烧技术,为实现有机废物处理、稠油资源高效开发、煤基固体燃料清洁转化利用、新型钻井技术开发及劣质燃料品质提升等提供了一条崭新的途径,具有广阔的发展前景。本文概述了超临界水热燃烧的提出、发展历程及其技术优势,评述了不同燃料的水热火焰特性、水热燃烧反应器形式以及水热燃烧技术工程应用方面的研究现状。指出对于特定燃料,水热燃烧反应器具有较低的燃料熄火温度是提高反应器内水热火焰稳定性的关键。水热燃烧反应器开发过程中水热火焰区的结构布置需综合考虑蓄热需求与反应器壁面安全。水热火焰特性与超临界水中传热传质的耦合机制、水热燃烧过程数值模拟、光-超临水-氧气复杂环境下的材料腐蚀特性、水热火焰辅助降解有机废物、生产多元热流体辅助稠油开采、煤基固体燃料的水热燃烧是超临界水热燃烧领域未来研究热点。

关键词: 超临界水, 水热燃烧, 水热火焰, 反应器, 废物处理

Abstract: As a novel high-efficient and clean combustion technology, supercritical hydrothermal combustion has provided a brand-new way to organic wastes treatment, heavy oil recovery, clean conversion and utilization of coal-based solid fuels, drilling technology development and upgrading quality of inferior fuels, etc. This paper outlines the introduction of supercritical hydrothermal combustion and its development process and technical advantages. The present development statuses on hydrothermal flame characteristics of various fuels, design of proper hydrothermal combustion reactors, and specific applications of hydrothermal combustion technology were reviewed respectively. For a given fuel, lower extinction temperatures owned by a hydrothermal combustion reactor play a key role in improving the stability of hydrothermal flames in reactor. Heat storage requirements and reactor wall safety of the hydrothermal flame zone need to be considered inside reactors during its design. Hydrothermal flame characteristics and its coupling mechanism with the heat and mass transfer of supercritical fluids, numerical simulation of the hydrothermal combustion process, material corrosion characteristics in complex environment containing hydrothermal flame, supercritical water and oxygen, etc., wastes treatment assisted by hydrothermal flame, production of multicomponent thermal fluids for heavy oil recovery, and combustion characteristics of coal-based solid fuels will be the main focus of hydrothermal combustion researches.

Key words: supercritical water, hydrothermal combustion, hydrothermal flame, reactors, waste treatment

中图分类号:

TK16
X52

李艳辉, 王树众, 任萌萌, 张洁, 徐东海, 钱黎黎, 孙盼盼. 超临界水热燃烧技术研究及应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(07): 1942-1955.

LI Yanhui, WANG Shuzhong, REN Mengmeng, ZHANG Jie, XU Donghai, QIAN Lili, SUN Panpan. Recent advances on research and application on supercritical hydrothermal combustion technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2016, 35(07): 1942-1955.

参考文献

[1] AUGUSTINE C,TESTER J W. Hydrothermal flames:from phenomenological experimental demonstrations to quantitative understanding [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2009,47(3):415-430.
[2] WINTER R,JONAS J. High pressure chemistry,biochemistry and materials science[M]. Netherlands:Springer,1993:247-263.
[3] FRANCK E U. Physicochemical properties of supercritical solvents [J]. Berichte Der Bunsen-Gesellschaft-Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,1984,88(9):820-825.
[4] FRANOK E U. Fluids at high pressures and temperatures [J]. Pure and Applied Chemistry,1987,59(1):25-34.
[5] SCHILLING W,FRANCK E. Combustion and diffusion flames at high pressures to 2000 bar [J]. Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie,1988,92(5):631-636.
[6] SERIKAWA R M,USUI T,NISHIMURA T,et al. Hydrothermal flames in supercritical water oxidation:investigation in a pilot scale continuous reactor [J]. Fuel,2002,81(9):1147-1159.
[7] POHSNER G,FRANCK E. Spectra and temperatures of diffusion flames at high pressures to 1000 bar [J]. Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie,1994,98(8):1082-1090.
[8] MICHELFELDER B,NOLL B,WEINDEL M,et al. A high pressure combustion cell based on numerical flow simulation and reaction zone radiation modelling [J]. Process Technology Proceedings,1996,12:559-564.
[9] STEEPER R,RICE S,BROWN M,et al. Methane and methanol diffusion flames in supercritical water [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,1992,5(4):262-268.
[10] WELLIG B,WEBER M,LIEBALL K,et al. Hydrothermal methanol diffusion flame as internal heat source in a SCWO reactor [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2009,49(1):59-70.
[11] WELLIG B. Transpiring wall reactor for the supercritical water oxidation[D]. Switzerland:ETH Zurich,2003.
[12] VON ROHR P R,TREPP C. High pressure chemical engineering[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,1996:565-574.
[13] STATHOPOULOS P,NINCK K,VON ROHR P R. Hot-wire ignition of ethanol-oxygen hydrothermal flames [J]. Combustion and Flame,2013,160(11):2386-2395.
[14] STATHOPOULOS P,NINCK K,VON ROHR P R. Heat transfer of supercritical mixtures of water,ethanol and nitrogen in a bluff body annular flow [J]. Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2012,70:112-118.
[15] STATHOPOULOS P,ROTHENFLUH T. Assisted ignition of hydrothermal flames in a hydrothermal spallation drilling pilot plant:SGP-TR-194[C]// Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering,Stanford University,Stanford,California,January 30 - February 1,2012.
[16] LAROCHE H L,WEBER M,TREPP C. Design rules for the Wall cooled Hydrothermal Burner (WHB) [J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology,1997,20(3):208-211.
[17] WEBER M,WELLIG B,VON ROHR R. SCWO apparatus design-towards industrial availability [J]. Corrosion,1999,55:99.
[18] WELLIG B,LIEBALL K,RUDOLF V P. Operating characteristics of a transpiring-wall SCWO reactor with a hydrothermal flame as internal heat source [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2005,34(1):35-50.
[19] WELLIG B,WEBER M,LIEBALL K,et al. Hydrothermal methanol diffusion flame as internal heat source in a SCWO reactor [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2009,49(1):59-70.
[20] QUEIROZ J P S,BERMEJO M D,COCERO M J. Kinetic model for isopropanol oxidation in supercritical water in hydrothermal flame regime and analysis [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2013,76:41-47.
[21] DOLORES BERMEJO M,MARTIN A,QUEIROZ J P S,et al. Computational fluid dynamics simulation of a transpiring wall reactor for supercritical water oxidation [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2010,158(3):431-440.
[22] COCERO M J,VALLELADO D,TORIO R,et al. Optimisation of the operation variables of a supercritical water oxidation process [J]. Water Science and Technology,2000,42(5/6):107-113.
[23] CABEZA P,QUEIROZ J P S,ARCA S,et al. Sludge destruction by means of a hydrothermal flame. Optimization of ammonia destruction conditions [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,232:1-9.
[24] BERMEJO M D,CANTERO F,COCERO M J. Supercritical water oxidation of feeds with high ammonia concentrations:pilot plant experimental results and modeling[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2008,137(3):542-549.
[25] BERMEJO M,CABEZA P,QUEIROZ J,et al. Analysis of the scale up of a transpiring wall reactor with a hydrothermal flame as a heat source for the supercritical water oxidation [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2011,56(1):21-32.
[26] 马红和. 煤的超临界水气化耦合水热燃烧的发电系统的基础问题研究 [D]. 西安:西安交通大学,2013.
[27] 王亮. 煤的超临界水热燃烧技术的研究 [D]. 西安:西安交通大学,2007.
[28] ZHANG J,WANG S Z,XU D H,et al. Kinetics study on hydrothermal combustion of methanol in supercritical water [J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2015,98:220-230.
[29] LI Y H,WANG S Z,QIAN L L,et al. An assessment of supercritical hydrothermal combustion (SCHC) for organic wastes destruction[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2014,955/956/957/958/959:1777-1782.
[30] 王树众,郭洋,徐东海,等. 利用辅助燃料补给热量的超临界水氧化反应器:102190363A [P]. 2011-05-12.
[31] 王树众,张洁,公彦猛,等. 多功能超临界水热燃烧装置:103776038A [P]. 2014-01-25.
[32] 徐东海,王树众,唐兴颖,等. 有机废水超临界水热燃烧反应器:103512034A [P]. 2013-09-30.
[33] CABEZA P. Studies in the development of SCWO vessel reactor with hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source [D]. Valladolid:University of Valladolid,2012.
[34] KALINICHEV A G,HEINZINGER K. Molecular dynamics of supercritical water:a computer simulation of vibrational spectra with the flexible BJH potential [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(4):641-650.
[35] JESSOP P G,IKARIYA T,NOYORI R. Homogeneous catalysis in supercritical fluids [J]. Chemical Reviews,1999,99(2):475-494.
[36] WAGNER W,PRU A. The IAPWS formulation 1995 for the thermodynamic properties of ordinary water substance for general and scientific use [J]. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data,2002,31(2):387-535.
[37] VADILLO V,SANCHEZ O J,RAMON P J,et al. Problems in supercritical water oxidation process and proposed solutions [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2013,52(23):7617-7629.
[38] MARRONE P A. Supercritical water oxidation-current status of full-scale commercial activity for waste destruction [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2013,79:283-288.
[39] SOBHY A,GUTHRIE R,BUTLER I,et al. Naphthalene combustion in supercritical water flames [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2009,32(2):3231-3238.
[40] HIRTH T,FRANCK E U. Oxidation and Hydrothermolysis of hydrocarbons in supercritical water at high-pressures [J]. Berichte Der Bunsen-Gesellschaft-Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,1993,97(9):1091-1098.
[41] CABEZA P,DOLORES BERMEJO M,JIMENEZ C,et al. Experimental study of the supercritical water oxidation of recalcitrant compounds under hydrothermal flames using tubular reactors[J]. Water Research,2011,45(8):2485-2495.
[42] BERMEJO M D,JIM NEZ C,CABEZA P,et al. Experimental study of hydrothermal flames formation using a tubular injector in a refrigerated reaction chamber. Influence of the operational and geometrical parameters [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2011,59:140-148.
[43] QIAN L L,WANG S Z,LI Y H. Review of supercritical water oxidation in hydrothermal flames [J]. Advanced Materials Research,2014,908:239-242.
[44] REN M M,WANG S Z,QIAN L L,et al. High-pressure direct-fired steam-gas generator (HDSG) for heavy oil recovery [J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014,577:523-526.
[45] VON ROHR P R,PRIKOPSKY K,ROTHENFLUH T. Flames in supercritical water and their applications [J]. Istorijski Casopis,2008,59(2):91-103.
[46] BRUNNER G. Near and supercritical water. Part II:Oxidative processes [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2009,47(3):382-390.
[47] BERMEJO M D,COCERO M J. Supercritical water oxidation:a technical review[J]. AIChE Journal,2006,52(11):3933-3951.
[48] KRITZER P,BOUKIS N,DINJUS E. Corrosion of alloy 625 in aqueous solutions containing chloride and oxygen [J]. Corrosion,1998,54(10):824-834.
[49] KRITZER P. Corrosion in high-temperature and supercritical water and aqueous solutions:a review [J]. Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2004,29(1/2):1-29.
[50] GIDNER A,STENMARK L. High pressure and high temperature reaction system:US6958122 [P]. 2005-10-25.
[51] WELLIG B,LIEBALL K,VON ROHR P R. Operating characteristics of a transpiring-wall SCWO reactor with a hydrothermal flame as internal heat source [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2005,34(1):35-50.
[52] SATO H,HAMADA S,SERTKAWA R M,et al. Continuous flame oxidation in supercritical water [J]. International Journal of High Pressure Research,2001,20(1-6):403-413.
[53] CABEZA P,BERMEJO M D,JIM NEZ C,et al. Experimental study of the supercritical water oxidation of recalcitrant compounds under hydrothermal flames using tubular reactors [J]. Water Research,2011,45(8):2485-2495.
[54] BERMEJO M D,CABEZA P,BAHR M,et al. Experimental study of hydrothermal flames initiation using different static mixer configurations [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2009,50(3):240-249.
[55] Kenji K,Kazuma H,Takashi K,et al. Numerical study on premixed hydrothermal combustion in tube reactor [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2009,50(2):146-154.
[56] PRIKOPSKY K. Characterization of continuous diffusion flames in supercritical water oxidation [D]. Zurich:Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,2007.
[57] BERMEJO M,CABEZA P,BAHR M,et al. Experimental study of hydrothermal flames initiation using different static mixer configurations [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2009,50(3):240-249.
[58] LA ROCHE H L,WEBER M,TREPP C. Design rules for the wallcooled hydrothermal burner (WHB) [J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology,1997,20:208-211.
[59] HIROSAKA K,FUKAYAMA M,WAKAMATSU K,et al. Combustion of ethanol by hydrothermal oxidation [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2007,31(2):3361-3367.
[60] KOIDO K,HIROSAKA K,KUBO T,et al. Numerical study on premixed hydrothermal combustion in tube reactor [J]. Combustion Theory and Modelling,2009,13(2):295-318.
[61] SOBHY A,BUTLER I S,KOZINSKI J A. Selected profiles of high-pressure methanol-air flames in supercritical water [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2007,31(2):3369-3376.
[62] PRIKOPSKY K,WELLIG B,VON ROHR P R. SCWO of salt containing artificial wastewater using a transpiring-wall reactor:experimental results [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2007,40(2):246-257.
[63] LIEBALL K S. Numerical investigations on a transpiring wall reactor for supercritical water oxidation [D]. Zurich:Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,2003.
[64] MUEGGENBURG H H. Injector for scwo reactor:US5804066 [P]. 1998-09-08.
[65] BERMEJO M D,FDEZ-POLANCO F,COCERO M J. Effect of the transpiring wall on the behavior of a supercritical water oxidation reactor:modeling and experimental results [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2006,45(10):3438- 3446.
[66] DOLORES BERMEJO M,RINCON D,MARTIN A,et al. Experimental performance and modeling of a new cooled-wall reactor for the supercritical water oxidation [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2009,48(13):6262-6272.
[67] XU D,WANG S,HUANG C,et al. Transpiring wall reactor in supercritical water oxidation [J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2014,92(11):2017-2792.
[68] 张凤鸣. 超临界水氧化水膜反应器的热负荷特性研究 [D]. 济南: 山东大学,2012.
[69] MOBLEY P D,PASS R Z,EDWARDS C F. Exergy analysis of coal energy conversion with carbon sequestration via combustion in supercritical saline aquifer water[C]// ES2011-54458:proceedings of the ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability,Washington,August 7-10,2011. American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2011.
[70] BERMEJO M D,COCERO M J,FERNANDEZ-POLANCO F. A process for generating power from the oxidation of coal in supercritical water [J]. Fuel,2004,83(2):195-204.
[71] 许建军. 泡沫调剖改善多元热流体开采效果技术研究与应用 [J]. 石油钻采工艺,2015(2):114-116.
[72] 杨兵,李敬松,张贤松,等. 稠油油藏水平井多元热流体吞吐高效开采技术 [J]. 油气地质与采收率,2014,21(2):41- 44.
[73] JELACIC A J,RENNER J L. A perspective on the future of geothermal energy in the United States [C]// Power and Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century,Pittsburgh,July 20-24,2008. New York:IEEE,2008.