关键词: 离子液体, 催化剂制备, 萃取分离, 溶剂, 催化反应

Abstract: The development stage of ionic liquids and its excellent properties，such as negligible vapor pressure，good solubility and thermal stability，high ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical stability window are reviewed. The type，structure-activity relationship and preparation methods of ionic liquids are summarized and application in chemical extraction as solvent and application in organic synthesis as catalyst are also presented，including the Friedel-Crafts reaction，Diels-Alder reaction，C-C coupling reaction，esterification and epoxidation. Compared with the traditional catalyst，the effects on different catalytic reactions of ionic liquids with different types are highlighted. The trend of ionic liquids in energy conservation and emission reduction and highly efficient heterogeneous catalytic reaction is discussed.

Key words: ionic liquids, catalyst preparation, extraction, solvent, catalytic reaction