关键词: 离子液体, 重金属, 萃取, 影响因素

Abstract: As a new type of green solvent，ionic liquid shows remarkable advantages in the extraction of heavy metal ions comparing with traditional organic solvents. This review presented the latest research developments and progress in the extraction of heavy metal ions with ionic liquids. The mechanism and influencing factors for extraction process were discussed in detail，which included chelating agent concentration，extraction time，extraction temperature，ionic liquid composition，pH value of solution，initial concentration of metal ions，interfering ions and mass ratio of water to ionic liquid. Furthermore，the approaches to enhance the extraction performance and the situation of metal ion removal and ionic liquids recycle were introduced. The research and application status of this method were reviewed in wastewater treatment，heavy metal ion analysis and metallurgy. Its future development lay in the synthesis of functionalized ionic liquids and the extraction efficiency enhancement to achieve its industrial application was also addressed.

Key words: ionic liquid, heavy metal, extraction, influencing factor