微波协同热解条件对生物炭除冰性能的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1972

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 7260-7269.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1972

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

微波协同热解条件对生物炭除冰性能的影响

王超前¹^,²(), 段欣滢³, 朱海¹, 赵悦彤¹, 孙康宁¹, 王文龙², 张新雁²(), 马婷婷¹, 于海龙¹, 邹群峰¹

^1.常州大学石油与天然气工程学院、能源学院，江苏常州 213164
^2.山东大学核科学与能源动力学院，燃煤污染物减排国家工程实验室，山东济南 250061
^3.华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，教育部电站能量转换与系统重点实验室，北京 102206

收稿日期:2024-12-02 修回日期:2025-02-11 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2026-01-06
通讯作者: 张新雁
作者简介:王超前（1988—），女，讲师，硕士生导师，研究方向为固废处置与资源化利用技术。E-mail：wcqz19891014@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52300163);常州大学科研启动基金(ZMF23020199)

Influence of microwave synergistic pyrolysis conditions on the deicing performance of biochar

WANG Chaoqian¹^,²(), DUAN Xinying³, ZHU Hai¹, ZHAO Yuetong¹, SUN Kangning¹, WANG Wenlong², ZHANG Xinyan²(), MA Tingting¹, YU Hailong¹, ZOU Qunfeng¹

^1.School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, School of Energy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
^2.National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy, Power, and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2024-12-02 Revised:2025-02-11 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2026-01-06
Contact: ZHANG Xinyan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

道路结冰威胁国家交通安全和经济发展，微波除冰技术的环保、高效性又受限于吸波剂的性能，其中碳基材料是具有优势潜力的吸波剂，但存在造价高、制备耗时等问题。本文在实验室环境下，以花生秸秆颗粒为原料，通过微波诱导协同热解过程和三因素四水平正交试验制备生物炭作为吸波剂，研究并分析常规调质热解温度与时间及微波诱导热解时间等重要制备参数对生物炭除冰性能的影响规律。结果表明，常规调质热解温度是影响生物炭除冰性能的关键因素，当常规调质温度在约700℃热解6min再协同800W微波诱导热解2min时，所得生物炭的吸波升温能力最优且具有最佳除冰效果。此时生物炭在微波功率800W辐照约20s时，除冰时间约30s，除冰效率比无生物炭添加时可提高近97%。本文对开发新型道路除冰碳基材料或添加剂具有一定指导意义。

关键词: 微波, 热解, 生物质, 生物炭, 道路除冰

Abstract:

Road icing is a threat to the national traffic safety and economic development. Microwave heating is a promising deicing technology, which has advantages of environmental protection and high efficiency. However, it is still limited by the performance of absorbing agents. Nowadays carbon-based materials have attracted more attention to act as absorbers with good performance, but there are problems to limit their wide utilization, such as high cost and long preparation time. The article takes peanut straw particles to prepare biochar as an absorbent in laboratory environment, which is based on our microwave-induced synergistic pyrolysis process and the orthogonal experiment with three factors-four levels. The effects of important preparation parameters, such as conventional pre-pyrolysis temperature, pre-pyrolysis time and retention time of microwave intensive pyrolysis, on the deicing performance of biochar are analyzed. The results show that the conventional pre-pyrolysis temperature is a vital factor to affect the deicing performance of biochar. When synergistic pyrolysis conditions is optimum (i.e. the conventional pre-pyrolysis temperature reach up to about 700℃, the pre-pyrolysis retention time is 6min and microwave pyrolysis with 800W and 2min), the obtained biochar has the best deicing performance due to its temperature rising ability under microwave irradiation. And the optimum biochar is irradiated with microwave power of 800W for about 20s, the deicing time is about 30s and the de icing efficiency can be improved up to 97% compared with that without biochar. The above conclusions have significance for guiding the development of new road materials or additives.

Key words: microwave, pyrolysis, biomass, biochar, road deicing

中图分类号:

X712

王超前, 段欣滢, 朱海, 赵悦彤, 孙康宁, 王文龙, 张新雁, 马婷婷, 于海龙, 邹群峰. 微波协同热解条件对生物炭除冰性能的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(12): 7260-7269.

WANG Chaoqian, DUAN Xinying, ZHU Hai, ZHAO Yuetong, SUN Kangning, WANG Wenlong, ZHANG Xinyan, MA Tingting, YU Hailong, ZOU Qunfeng. Influence of microwave synergistic pyrolysis conditions on the deicing performance of biochar[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(12): 7260-7269.

图/表 11

图1 微波诱导协同热解过程制备生物碳基除冰吸波剂的技术思路示意图

表1 花生秸秆样品的工业分析和元素分析结果

样品	花生秸秆颗粒
工业分析（干燥基）/% 灰分	13.85
挥发分	70.19
固定碳	15.96
元素分析（干燥无灰基）/% C	47.91
H	7.05
N	2.29
S	0.08
O	42.68

图2 微波诱导协同热解制炭装置示意图

图3 冰冻试样制备与除冰计时过程

图4 不同协同热解炭的特性对比

图5 协同热解条件对微波除冰效果的影响

表2 因素与水平对应表

水平	常规调质热解温度（A）/℃	常规调质热解时间（B）/min	微波协同热解时间（C）/min
1	400	1	0.5
2	500	2	1
3	600	4	1.5
4	700	6	2

表3 三因素四水平正交试验计算表

编号	常规调质热解温度（A）/℃	常规调质热解时间（B）/min	微波协同热解时间（C）/min	冰柱脱离容器的时间（S_ice-off）/min
1	1	1	1	12
2	1	2	2	12
3	1	3	3	11
4	1	4	4	9
5	2	1	2	10
6	2	2	1	10
7	2	3	4	8
8	2	4	3	8
9	3	1	3	8.5
10	3	2	4	8
11	3	3	1	7
12	3	4	2	7
13	4	1	4	6.5
14	4	2	3	5
15	4	3	2	4.5
16	4	4	1	3
指标数值之和K₁	44	37	32
指标数值之和K₂	36	35	33.5
指标数值之和K₃	30.5	30.5	32.5
指标数值之和K₄	19	27	31.5
指标平均值 $K ¯$ ₁	11	9.25	8
指标平均值 $K ¯$ ₂	9	8.75	8.38
指标平均值 $K ¯$ ₃	7.63	7.63	8.13
指标平均值 $K ¯$ ₄	4.75	6.75	7.88
最大与最小指标平均值之差R	6.25	2.5	0.5

表3 三因素四水平正交试验计算表

编号	常规调质热解温度（A）/℃	常规调质热解时间（B）/min	微波协同热解时间（C）/min	冰柱脱离容器的时间（S_ice-off）/min
1	1	1	1	12
2	1	2	2	12
3	1	3	3	11
4	1	4	4	9
5	2	1	2	10
6	2	2	1	10
7	2	3	4	8
8	2	4	3	8
9	3	1	3	8.5
10	3	2	4	8
11	3	3	1	7
12	3	4	2	7
13	4	1	4	6.5
14	4	2	3	5
15	4	3	2	4.5
16	4	4	1	3
指标数值之和K₁	44	37	32
指标数值之和K₂	36	35	33.5
指标数值之和K₃	30.5	30.5	32.5
指标数值之和K₄	19	27	31.5
指标平均值 $K ¯$ ₁	11	9.25	8
指标平均值 $K ¯$ ₂	9	8.75	8.38
指标平均值 $K ¯$ ₃	7.63	7.63	8.13
指标平均值 $K ¯$ ₄	4.75	6.75	7.88
最大与最小指标平均值之差R	6.25	2.5	0.5

图6 不同调质热解温度所得协同热解炭的微观形貌（SEM5000倍）

表4 不同调质热解温度制备秸秆协同热解炭的孔隙结构参数

温度/℃	比表面积/m²·g^-1	平均孔径/nm	总孔容/cm³·g^-1
400	51.2	2.9	0.029
500	72.4	3.4	0.037
600	121.6	3.7	0.046
700	169.2	3.6	0.096

图7 协同热解生物炭的除冰机理示意图

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微波协同热解条件对生物炭除冰性能的影响

Influence of microwave synergistic pyrolysis conditions on the deicing performance of biochar

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