自驱型旋转式能量回收装置启动与运行特性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1824

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在反渗透海水淡化技术中，能量回收装置是必不可少的设备，但目前对于自驱型旋转式能量回收装置的设计、启动以及运行特性等方面的研究报道较少。本文首先对转子启动过程中的转速变化进行了理论推导，基于能量守恒定律建立了进口流速与转子转速之间的关系式。对装置内部流场进行了三维数值模拟，发现转子稳定时的转速随进口流速增大而升高；导流槽倾角在20°~35°时转速随倾角减小而升高，但是当倾角减小至15°~20°时，转子转速呈小幅降低的趋势。分析了转子扭矩在启动过程中的变化特征，结果显示扭矩在初始状态下为最大值，随后不断减小至归零后呈现振荡特征。定义转子转速稳定时间为转子启动时间，其随进口流速增大而减小。当导流槽倾角达到17°~23°时，转子会达到较高的转速以及较短的转子启动时间。

关键词: 海水淡化, 能量回收, 转子自启动, 流体力学, 数值模拟

Abstract:

In the reverse osmosis seawater desalination technology, energy recovery devices are essential equipment. Unfortunately, currently there exists a paucity of research concerning the design, startup, and operational characteristics of the self-driven rotary energy recovery devices. This study initially conducted a theoretical derivation of the rotor speed variation during the startup process and established a relationship between the inlet flow velocity and the rotor speed based on the principle of energy conservation. Three-dimensional numerical simulations for the flow field within the device were conducted, and it was found that the rotor stable speed increased with the increase in inlet flow velocity. When the guide vane angle was in 20°—35°, the rotor speed rose as the angle decreased. However, when the angle was further reduced to 15°—20°, the speed decreased slightly. The variation of rotor torque during rotor startup process was analyzed, revealing that the torque initially reached a maximum value and subsequently diminished to zero thereafter, exhibiting oscillatory characteristics. The rotor speed stabilization time was defined as the rotor startup time. This startup time decreased with increasing inlet flow velocity and exhibited significant variations at smaller guide vane angles. In specific, at a guide vane angle of 20°, the range of startup time was 0.85 seconds, whereas at an angle of 35°, it was 0.41 seconds. Selecting an end cap angle of 17° to 23° allowed the rotor to achieve higher rotational speeds and shorter startup times.

Key words: seawater desalination, energy recovery, rotor self-starting, fluid mechanics, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TH326

葛祎阳, 沈胜强, 梁刚涛. 自驱型旋转式能量回收装置启动与运行特性[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(12): 6779-6788.

GE Yiyang, SHEN Shengqiang, LIANG Gangtao. Startup and operating characteristics of self-driven rotary energy recovery device[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(12): 6779-6788.

图/表 11

图1 自驱型旋转式能量回收装置及工作原理

图2 网格划分

图3 转子流域平面展开

图4 端盖

表1 变量数值

参数	数值	参数	数值
A₁/m²	0.003	V₂/m³	0.0026
A₂/m²	0.0245	ρ_l/kg·m^-3	1050
L/m	0.19	ρ_z/kg·m^-3	2680
r_z /m	0.09	θ/(°)	30
V₁/m³	0.002	μ/Pa·s	0.001005

图5 转子转速理论特性曲线

图6 转子转速特性曲线

图7 转子转速拟合曲线

图8 速度分布

图9 不同工况转子所受扭矩随时间变化

图10 最大扭矩随进口流速变化

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