自支撑掺磷厚碳电极的构建及其在超级电容器中的应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1542

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 6258-6269.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1542

• 能源加工与技术 • 上一篇

自支撑掺磷厚碳电极的构建及其在超级电容器中的应用

李思敏¹^,²(), 江荣源¹^,², 陈志强³, 袁春雯², 王贵龙¹, 陈俊涛¹, 卢贝丽¹, 黄彪¹, 林冠烽¹^,²()

^1.福建农林大学材料工程学院，福建福州 350002
^2.福建农林大学金山学院，福建福州 350002
^3.福建省林业科学研究院，福建福州 350012

收稿日期:2024-09-23 修回日期:2024-11-06 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-08
通讯作者: 林冠烽
作者简介:李思敏（2000—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为生物质能源与碳材料。E-mail：2955775617@qq.com。
基金资助:
福建省林业科技推广项目(2022TG18);2024年大学生创新训练计划(202414046001);国家自然科学基金(32171726)

Construction of self-supported phosphorus-doped thick carbon electrode and its application to supercapacitors

LI Simin¹^,²(), JIANG Rongyuan¹^,², CHEN Zhiqiang³, YUAN Chunwen², WANG Guilong¹, CHEN Juntao¹, LU Beili¹, HUANG Biao¹, LIN Guanfeng¹^,²()

^1.College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
^2.Jinshan College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
^3.Fujian Academy of Forestry, Fuzhou 350012, Fujian, China

Received:2024-09-23 Revised:2024-11-06 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-12-08
Contact: LIN Guanfeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物质基碳材料因其在储能领域的潜力受到了广泛关注。然而，纯碳基材料通常亲水性差、赝电容低；组装成电极时需要使用黏结剂，限制了其在高能量密度超级电容器上的应用。基于此，本研究以植酸为造孔剂和磷源，制备出自支撑磷掺杂厚碳电极（P-WC），并将其应用于超级电容器中。植酸的造孔和掺杂作用赋予P-WC三维多孔结构和超亲水性，这促进了电解液快速渗透和交换，显著提升其电化学性能。组装成对称超级电容器（SSC）时，在1mA/cm²下，P-WC的面积比电容和质量比电容分别高达6520mF/cm²和198F/g；在能量密度为39.54W·h/kg（1.31mW·h/cm²）时，功率密度达到21.82W/kg（0.7mW/cm²）；即使在20mA/cm²的高电流密度下，能量密度为24.12W·h/kg（0.80mW·h/cm²）时，SSC仍能维持436.36W/kg（14400mW/cm²）的功率密度。因此，本项工作可为高性能自支撑超级电容器的构建和应用提供理论支撑。

关键词: 杨木, 厚碳电极, 植酸, 磷掺杂, 超级电容器

Abstract:

Biomass-based carbon materials have received widespread attention in the field of energy storage. Nevertheless, the drawbacks of pure carbon materials such as poor hydrophilicity, low pseudocapacitance, and the need to use binders when assembling them into electrodes restrict their application in high-energy-density supercapacitors. Based on this, in this study, self-supported phosphorus-doped thick carbon electrodes (P-WC) are prepared using phytic acid as a pore-making agent and phosphorus source, and applied to supercapacitors. The pore-making and doping effects of phytic acid endow the P-WC with a three-dimensional porous structure and superhydrophilicity, which facilitate the rapid penetration and exchange of the electrolyte, thus significantly enhancing its electrochemical performance. When assembled as a symmetric supercapacitor (SSC), the area and mass specific capacitance of P-WC are as high as 6520mF/cm² and 198F/g at 1mA/cm²; the power density reaches 21.82W/kg (0.7mW/cm²) at an energy density of 39.54W·h/kg (1.31mW·h/cm²); even under a high current density of 20mA/cm², with an energy density of 24.12W·h/kg (0.80mW·h/cm²), the SSC maintains a power density of 436.36W/kg (14400mW/cm²). Hence, this work can offer theoretical support towards the construction and application of high-performance self-supported supercapacitors.

Key words: poplar wood, thick carbon electrode, phytic acid, phosphorus doping, supercapacitors

中图分类号:

TM53

李思敏, 江荣源, 陈志强, 袁春雯, 王贵龙, 陈俊涛, 卢贝丽, 黄彪, 林冠烽. 自支撑掺磷厚碳电极的构建及其在超级电容器中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(11): 6258-6269.

LI Simin, JIANG Rongyuan, CHEN Zhiqiang, YUAN Chunwen, WANG Guilong, CHEN Juntao, LU Beili, HUANG Biao, LIN Guanfeng. Construction of self-supported phosphorus-doped thick carbon electrode and its application to supercapacitors[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(11): 6258-6269.

图/表 12

图1 P-WC-X的制备工艺

图2 WC-0的SEM图(a)；P-WC-1.0的SEM图[(b)~(d)]；WC-0的HRTEM图[(e)~(f)]；P-WC-1.0的HRTEM图[(g)~(h)]；P-WC-1.0的EDS图(i)

图3 WC-0和P-WC-1.0的接触角、热重曲线、氮气吸附和解吸等温线及孔结构分布曲线

表1 WC-0和P-WC-1.0的孔结构参数

样品	S_BET^①/m²·g^-1	V_t^②/cm³·g^-1	V_mic^③/cm³·g^-1	V_mes/cm³·g^-1	平均孔径/nm
WC-0	468	0.2099	0.1564	0.0378	3.44
P-WC-1.0	1565	0.7759	0.2979	0.3129	2.42

图4 WC-0和P-WC-X的XRD，拉曼，XPS总谱及C 1s、O 1s、P 2p谱图

表2 不同样品的C、O和P元素含量（原子分数，%）

元素	WC-0	P-WC-0.1	P-WC-0.5	P-WC-1.0	P-WC-2.0
C	92.2	87.06	83.59	75.76	69.74
O	7.7	11.98	13.35	17.66	20.55
P	0.1	0.96	3.06	6.58	9.71

图5 P-WC-X的电化学性能

表3 三电极系统中不同木基碳电极的电化学性能

材料	比电容	电流密度	电容保持率（循环圈数）	文献
NWDC	1.06F/cm²	1A/g	93.2%（7500）	[41]
NiCo₂O₄/CF	70.70F/g	10A/g	87.2%（5000）	[42]
Bio-AC	100F/g	0.1A/g	86.0%（10000）	[43]
CPC650-1-3	258F/g	0.5A/g	90.1%（10000）	[44]
CW-P-9.24	6.59F/cm²	1mA/cm²	96.5%（10000）	[26]
P-WC-1.0	10.46F/cm²	1mA/cm²	108.0%（10000）	本文

图6 厚度为0.08cm/0.1cm/0.15cm的P-WC-1.0厚碳电极的电化学性能

图7 P-WC-1.0电容贡献率分析

图8 SSC的性能

图9 SSC简图和应用图（a）；不同碳基电极（b）（1—CNT@CW800//CNT@CW800[55]；2—TDWP-3//TDWP-3[49]；3—CW-P-9.24// CW-P-9.24[49]；4—ZnCW-1000//ZnCW-1000）[56]；特定电流密度下的循环保持率比较（c）（1—ZnCW-1000//CW[56]；2—HWC-3// HWC-3[56]；3—SPWC//SPWC[55]；4—ZnCW-1000//ZnCW-1000[56]；5—NiS2-CW//CW[47]；6—GRTW-3//GRTW-3[24]；7—CNT@CW800//CNT@CW800[55]；8—CW-P-9.24//CW-P-9.24[49]）

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自支撑掺磷厚碳电极的构建及其在超级电容器中的应用

Construction of self-supported phosphorus-doped thick carbon electrode and its application to supercapacitors

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