生物质活性炭的制备与微结构特性调控研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-2121

化工进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 2475-2493.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-2121

• 新能源与可再生能源 • 上一篇

生物质活性炭的制备与微结构特性调控研究进展

黄坤¹(), 许明², 吴秀娟¹, 裴思佳¹, 刘大伟¹(), 马晓迅¹, 徐龙¹()

^1.西北大学化工学院，碳氢资源清洁利用国际科技合作基地，陕北能源先进化工利用技术教育部工程研究中心，陕西省洁净煤转化工程技术研究中心，陕北能源化工产业发展协同创新中心，陕西西安 710127
^2.陕西西咸新区环境集团有限公司，陕西西安 712000

收稿日期:2023-12-01 修回日期:2024-03-04 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-06-15
通讯作者: 刘大伟,徐龙
作者简介:黄坤（1999—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为生物质活性炭的制备与应用。E-mail：2060035242@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22008197);陕西省重点研发计划(2022QCY-LL-69);西安市科技计划(22GXFW0132);中国博士后科学基金(2021M702649);咸阳市科技计划(2021ZDYF-NY-0017);榆林市科技计划(CXY-2021-129)

Research progress on preparation and microstructural characteristics regulation of biomass activated carbon

HUANG Kun¹(), XU Ming², WU Xiujuan¹, PEI Sijia¹, LIU Dawei¹(), MA Xiaoxun¹, XU Long¹()

^1.International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of MOST for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, Shaanxi, China
^2.Shaanxi Xixian New Area Environmental Group Co. , Ltd. , Xi’an 712000, Shaanxi, China

Received:2023-12-01 Revised:2024-03-04 Online:2024-05-15 Published:2024-06-15
Contact: LIU Dawei, XU Long

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物质是一种极具应用潜力的可再生资源，具有来源广泛、储量丰富和价格低廉等特点。以生物质为原料制备活性炭，是推进生物质材料资源化利用的重要途径。本文主要综述了以生物质为原料制备活性炭以及通过制备条件调控其比表面积、孔隙结构和表面性质等微结构特性的研究，重点阐述了生物质组成、炭化和活化条件（如炭化方式、活化剂种类、活化剂用量及反应停留时间等因素）对活性炭微结构特性的影响，并对常用活化剂（如水蒸气、CO₂、ZnCl₂、H₃PO₄、KOH等）对孔结构和表面性质的调控机理进行了详细探讨。最后对具有不同微结构特性活性炭的应用做了总结。

关键词: 生物质活性炭, 制备方法, 调控机理, 孔隙结构, 表面性质

Abstract:

Biomass is a kind of renewable resource with great application potential, which has the characteristics of wide source, abundant reserves and low price. The preparation of biomass activated carbon is an important route to promote the resource utilization of biomass materials. In this paper, the preparation of activated carbon from biomass and the regulation of preparation conditions for its microstructural characteristics including specific surface area, pore structure and surface properties are reviewed. The effects of biomass composition, carbonization and activation conditions (such as carbonization method, activator type, activator dosage, and reaction residence time) on the microstructure characteristics of activated carbon are emphatically expounded. The regulation mechanism of pore structure and surface properties by common activators (such as water vapor, CO₂, ZnCl₂, H₃PO₄, KOH, etc.) is discussed in detail. Finally, this paper summarizes the applications of activated carbon with different microstructure characteristics.

Key words: biomass activated carbon, preparation method, regulation mechanism, pore structure, surface property

中图分类号:

TQ424

黄坤, 许明, 吴秀娟, 裴思佳, 刘大伟, 马晓迅, 徐龙. 生物质活性炭的制备与微结构特性调控研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(5): 2475-2493.

HUANG Kun, XU Ming, WU Xiujuan, PEI Sijia, LIU Dawei, MA Xiaoxun, XU Long. Research progress on preparation and microstructural characteristics regulation of biomass activated carbon[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(5): 2475-2493.

图/表 12

参考文献 124

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生物质种类		元素组成/%				原子比			灰分/%	参考文献
生物质种类		C	H	O	N	H/C	O/C	(O+N)/C	灰分/%	参考文献
植物源生物质	木屑	90.98	0.87	2.91	0.78	0.11	0.02	0.03	4.46	[27]
	玉米秸秆	81.47	0.72	4.38	0.69	0.11	0.77	0.077	12.70	[28]
	竹子	83.29	3.08	11.56	0.40	0.44	0.10	0.11	1.32	[29]
动物源生物质	猪粪便	43.12	5.54	3.42	2.23	0.95	0.06	0.10	13.14	[30]
	牛骨	42.41	2.35	22.22	2.35	0.66	0.39	0.44	—	[31]
	鸡粪	42.87	2.45	11.45	1.88	0.99	0.20	0.24	39.71	[32]
污泥生物质	市政污泥	18.12	0.24	0.68	1.88	0.16	0.03	0.12	79.08	[33]

生物质种类		元素组成/%				原子比			灰分/%	参考文献
生物质种类		C	H	O	N	H/C	O/C	(O+N)/C	灰分/%	参考文献
植物源生物质	木屑	90.98	0.87	2.91	0.78	0.11	0.02	0.03	4.46	[27]
	玉米秸秆	81.47	0.72	4.38	0.69	0.11	0.77	0.077	12.70	[28]
	竹子	83.29	3.08	11.56	0.40	0.44	0.10	0.11	1.32	[29]
动物源生物质	猪粪便	43.12	5.54	3.42	2.23	0.95	0.06	0.10	13.14	[30]
	牛骨	42.41	2.35	22.22	2.35	0.66	0.39	0.44	—	[31]
	鸡粪	42.87	2.45	11.45	1.88	0.99	0.20	0.24	39.71	[32]
污泥生物质	市政污泥	18.12	0.24	0.68	1.88	0.16	0.03	0.12	79.08	[33]

样品	比表面积/m²·g^-1	产率/%	微孔孔容/cm³·g^-1	介孔孔容/cm³·g^-1
核桃壳生物炭	209	—	0.12	0.05
C-850-60	542	79.4	0.30	0.05
C-850-120	743	64.9	0.39	0.06
C-850-180	841	60.2	0.49	0.18
C-850-240	1220	56.3	0.68	0.18
H-850-30	699	62.2	0.37	0.08
H-850-45	966	49.8	0.47	0.11
H-850-60	1361	43.8	0.74	0.20

样品	比表面积/m²·g^-1	产率/%	微孔孔容/cm³·g^-1	介孔孔容/cm³·g^-1
核桃壳生物炭	209	—	0.12	0.05
C-850-60	542	79.4	0.30	0.05
C-850-120	743	64.9	0.39	0.06
C-850-180	841	60.2	0.49	0.18
C-850-240	1220	56.3	0.68	0.18
H-850-30	699	62.2	0.37	0.08
H-850-45	966	49.8	0.47	0.11
H-850-60	1361	43.8	0.74	0.20

活化剂	生物质	比表面积/m²·g^-1	总孔容/cm³·g^-1	微孔孔容/cm³·g^-1	介孔孔容/cm³·g^-1	参考文献
KOH	赤桉木	2595	1.275	1.236	0.039	[68]
	蚕茧	2797	1.735	1.232	—	[69]
	柏木	1705	0.963	0.764	0.112	[70]
	杉木	1826	1.146	0.673	0.788	[70]
H₃PO₄	板栗壳	989	0.7103	0.45	0.262	[71]
	马占相思木	1038	0.422	0.357	0.0349	[72]
	马占相思木	957	0.555	0.337	0.1824	[72]
ZnCl₂	腰果壳	859	0.830	0.356	0.617	[73]
	番茄废弃物	787	1.000	0.277	0.723	[74]

生物质活性炭的制备与微结构特性调控研究进展

Research progress on preparation and microstructural characteristics regulation of biomass activated carbon

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