针铁矿促进剩余污泥厌氧消化中的脱氮除碳

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0282

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

剩余污泥厌氧消化因其较低的能源转化率使其发展有所受限，且污泥中高浓度有机质也会影响脱氮效果。理论上，在含铁(Ⅲ)（氢）氧化物的厌氧消化系统中，微生物能通过异化铁还原去除有机物和氨氮（Feammox），但两者同步去除还有待验证。因此本研究通过向污泥厌氧消化系统中添加针铁矿，探究铁(Ⅲ)（氢）氧化物对同步脱氮除碳的影响。结果显示，随着针铁矿添加量的增加，反应器中有机物浓度逐渐减少。当添加50mmol/L针铁矿时，甲烷累积产量达到695.1mL，相较于没有添加针铁矿的厌氧系统提升了30.3%；TS/VS去除率也提升了21.1%/33.8%，说明针铁矿可有效促进污泥减量化。添加针铁矿的反应器中总氮去除率也有一定提升，当针铁矿添加50mmol/L时，去除率达到21.0%。以上结果表明，添加针铁矿可以在污泥厌氧消化中起到同时脱氮除碳的效果。

关键词: 剩余污泥, 针铁矿, 异化铁还原, 异化铁还原耦合厌氧氨氧化, 脱氮除碳

Abstract:

The development of anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) is limited due to its low energy conversion rate, and the high concentration of organic matter in the sludge also inhibits nitrogen removal. Theoretically, organic matter and ammonium could be removed through dissimilatory iron reduction in an anaerobic digestion system containing Fe(Ⅲ) (hydr) oxides, which however remains to be verified. Therefore, in this study goethite was added to the sludge anaerobic digestion system to explore the effect of Fe(Ⅲ) (hydr) oxide on the simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen. The results showed that with the increase of goethite dosage, the concentration of organic matter in the reactor gradually decreased. The cumulative methane production reached 695.1mL when 50mmol/L goethite was added, which was 30.3% higher than that of the control group without goethite. The TS and VS removal rates of the 50mmol/L goethite-added group were also increased by 21.1% and 33.8%, respectively, demonstrating that goethite could accelerate sludge reduction. Goethite also promoted the removal of total nitrogen and the removal efficiency was 21.0% in 50mmol/L goethite-added reactor. The above results showed that goethite can remove nitrogen and carbon simultaneously in sludge anaerobic digestion.

Key words: waste activated sludge, goethite, dissimilatory iron reduction, Feammox, nitrogen and carbon removal

中图分类号:

X705

肖灿灿, 杨亚飞, 张耀斌. 针铁矿促进剩余污泥厌氧消化中的脱氮除碳[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(12): 6689-6697.

XIAO Cancan, YANG Yafei, ZHANG Yaobin. Goethite promotes the removal of nitrogen and carbon in the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(12): 6689-6697.

图/表 9

表1 剩余污泥和引种污泥混合液初始指标

指标	初始值
总悬浮物（TS）	(60.5±0.3)g·L^-1
挥发性悬浮物（VS）	(31.9±0.2)g·L^-1
总化学需氧量（TCOD）	(46575.0±2231.3)mg·L^-1
溶解性化学需氧量（SCOD）	(1033.0±8.7)mg·L^-1
多糖	(925.6±19.1)mg·L^-1
蛋白质	(927.2±13.3)mg·L^-1
NH $4 +$ -N	(258.0±0.8)mg·L^-1
NO $3 -$ -N	无
NO $2 -$ -N	无
总氮	(2541.7±26.7)mg·L^-1
Fe(Ⅱ)	(838.9±19.5)mg·L^-1
总Fe	(1187.4±52.6)mg·L^-1

表1 剩余污泥和引种污泥混合液初始指标

指标	初始值
总悬浮物（TS）	(60.5±0.3)g·L^-1
挥发性悬浮物（VS）	(31.9±0.2)g·L^-1
总化学需氧量（TCOD）	(46575.0±2231.3)mg·L^-1
溶解性化学需氧量（SCOD）	(1033.0±8.7)mg·L^-1
多糖	(925.6±19.1)mg·L^-1
蛋白质	(927.2±13.3)mg·L^-1
NH $4 +$ -N	(258.0±0.8)mg·L^-1
NO $3 -$ -N	无
NO $2 -$ -N	无
总氮	(2541.7±26.7)mg·L^-1
Fe(Ⅱ)	(838.9±19.5)mg·L^-1
总Fe	(1187.4±52.6)mg·L^-1

表2 常规指标分析方法及仪器

指标	分析方法	仪器（型号）
化学需氧量（COD）	微波消解比色法	COD快速测定仪（5B-3A）
TS	105℃烘干质量法	鼓风干燥箱（DHG-9145A）
VS	600℃灼烧减量法	马弗炉（SX2-3-12TP）
气体组分	气相色谱法	气相色谱（GC-7900P/TCD）
挥发性脂肪酸	气相色谱法	气相色谱（GC-7900P/FID）
蛋白质	考马斯亮蓝法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
多糖	苯酚-蒽酮法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
总氮	过硫酸钾法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
NH $4 +$ -N	纳氏试剂光度法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
NO $3 -$ -N	N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
NO $2 -$ -N	紫外分光光度法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
铁含量	邻菲啰啉分光光度法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
晶型分析	XRD	X射线衍射（Empyrean， Panalytical）
形貌分析	SEM	场发射扫描电子显微镜（Hitachi S-4800）

表2 常规指标分析方法及仪器

指标	分析方法	仪器（型号）
化学需氧量（COD）	微波消解比色法	COD快速测定仪（5B-3A）
TS	105℃烘干质量法	鼓风干燥箱（DHG-9145A）
VS	600℃灼烧减量法	马弗炉（SX2-3-12TP）
气体组分	气相色谱法	气相色谱（GC-7900P/TCD）
挥发性脂肪酸	气相色谱法	气相色谱（GC-7900P/FID）
蛋白质	考马斯亮蓝法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
多糖	苯酚-蒽酮法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
总氮	过硫酸钾法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
NH $4 +$ -N	纳氏试剂光度法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
NO $3 -$ -N	N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
NO $2 -$ -N	紫外分光光度法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
铁含量	邻菲啰啉分光光度法	紫外可见分光光度计（UV-9000）
晶型分析	XRD	X射线衍射（Empyrean， Panalytical）
形貌分析	SEM	场发射扫描电子显微镜（Hitachi S-4800）

图1 针铁矿外形(a)、扫描电镜图(b)和XRD图谱(c)

图2 厌氧消化24天累积甲烷产量

图3 厌氧消化24d后有机物去除情况

图4 各反应器中VFAs浓度图

图5 厌氧消化24d后总氮、Fe(Ⅱ)浓度和Fe(Ⅲ)还原率变化

图6 FN0和FN100总氮含量及去除率变化

图7 扫描电镜图

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