双胺“可逆”溶剂强化正渗透脱盐及过程优化

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0172

化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 6158-6166.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0172

双胺“可逆”溶剂强化正渗透脱盐及过程优化

刘翔¹^,²(), 何林¹^,²^,³(), 从海峰¹^,²^,³, 隋红¹^,², 李鑫钢¹^,²^,³

^1.天津大学化工学院，天津 300072
^2.精馏技术国家工程研究中心，天津 300072
^3.天津大学浙江研究院，浙江宁波 315201

收稿日期:2022-01-27 修回日期:2022-02-27 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2022-11-28
通讯作者: 何林
作者简介:刘翔（1994—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为可逆溶剂制备与应用。E-mail：lx_1994@tju.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22078237)

Enhancement and optimization of forward osmosis desalination process using diamine switchable solvent

LIU Xiang¹^,²(), HE Lin¹^,²^,³(), CONG Haifeng¹^,²^,³, SUI Hong¹^,², LI Xingang¹^,²^,³

^1.School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
^2.National Engineering Research Centre of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
^3.Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, China

Received:2022-01-27 Revised:2022-02-27 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2022-11-28
Contact: HE Lin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

正渗透作为非压力驱动膜脱盐技术，具有能耗低、膜污染轻、水回收率高等优点，其中汲取液的分离回收是整个正渗透技术的关键。本文提出采用双胺（TEPDA，N,N,N’,N’-四乙基-1,3-丙二胺）“可逆”溶剂经质子化-脱碳可逆循环作为正渗透汲取液进行脱盐的策略。首先，使用TEST软件预测发现，相比传统有机溶剂及单胺溶剂（如DMCHA，N,N-二甲基环己胺），TEPDA具有较低的挥发性、较高的安全性和低生育毒性。正渗透实验发现在两种模式下TEPDA的反向通量选择性均高于DMCHA，证明TEPDA具有更好的正渗透效果。同时发现TEPDA汲取液在PRO模式下效果要优于FO模式。通过对操作条件的优化得到TEPDA汲取液的最优操作温度为30℃，最佳流速为500mL/min。在最优条件下对1%（质量分数）的氯化钠溶液进行5h的连续运行发现，TEPDA汲取液在5h后仍能保持6.09L/(m²·h)的正向渗透通量，具有连续运行的稳定性。循环实验也证明了TEPDA具有较好的循环稳定性。上述结果为双胺（TEPDA）“可逆”溶剂应用于正渗透脱盐领域提供了基础的理论指导。

关键词: 正渗透, 双胺, “可逆”溶剂, 汲取液

Abstract:

As a non pressure driven membrane desalination technology, forward osmosis has the advantages of low energy consumption, light membrane pollution and high water recovery. In this paper, the strategy of desalting using diamine (TEPDA, N,N,N',N'- tetraethyl-1,3-propanediamine) switchable solvent through protonation decarbonization reversible cycle as forward osmosis extraction solution was proposed. Firstly, TEST software was used to predict that compared with traditional organic solvents and monoamine solvents (such as DMCHA, N,N-dimethyl cyclohexyl amine), TEPDA had lower volatility, higher safety and lower reproductive toxicity. The results of forward osmosis experiment showed that the reverse flux selectivity of TEPDA was higher than that of DMCHA in both modes, which proved that TEPDA had better forward osmosis effect. At the same time, the effect of TEPDA in PRO mode was better than that in FO mode. The optimal operating temperature of TEPDA was 30℃ and the optimal flow rate was 500mL/min. Under the optimal conditions, the 1% (mass ratio) sodium chloride solution was operated for 5h. It was found that the TEPDA could still maintain the forward permeation flux of 6.09L/(m²·h) after 5h, which had the stability of continuous operation. The cycle experiment also proved that TEPDA had good cycle stability. The above results provided a basic theoretical guidance for the application of diamine (TEPDA) switchable solvent in the field of forward osmosis desalination.

Key words: forward osmosis, diamine, switchable solvent, draw solution

中图分类号:

TE622

刘翔, 何林, 从海峰, 隋红, 李鑫钢. 双胺“可逆”溶剂强化正渗透脱盐及过程优化[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(11): 6158-6166.

LIU Xiang, HE Lin, CONG Haifeng, SUI Hong, LI Xingang. Enhancement and optimization of forward osmosis desalination process using diamine switchable solvent[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(11): 6158-6166.

图/表 13

图1 “可逆”溶剂作为正渗透汲取液脱盐过程的工艺流程

图2 正渗透实验装置图

图3 不同膜取向

表1 “可逆”溶剂的性质及毒性

物质名称	结构式	沸点/℃	闪点/℃	水中的溶解度（25℃）/g·L^-1	蒸气压（25℃）/mmHg	生育毒性
DMCHA		160（159）	43（42）	23.8（18）	3.05	有
TEPDA		205（201）	73（76）	2.6	0.0675	无

图4 渗透压标准曲线

图5 不同汲取液的正渗透效果

表2 不同汲取液的水通量

汲取液	浓度/mol·L^-1	原料液	膜/膜取向	水通量/L·m^-2·h^-1
NH₄HCO₃	1	去离子水	TFC/PRO模式	35
三甲胺	1	去离子水	TFC/PRO模式	31~33
［N4444］2，4，6-MeBnSO₃	1	去离子水	TFC/PRO模式	10
TEPDA	1.4	去离子水	TFC/PRO模式	18.2

图6 不同浓度TEPDA正渗透效果

图7 不同原料液浓度正渗透效果

图8 温度对正渗透的影响

图9 流速对正渗透的影响

图10 TEPDA汲取液长时间运行效果

图11 TEPDA作为正渗透汲取液的循环效果

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双胺“可逆”溶剂强化正渗透脱盐及过程优化

Enhancement and optimization of forward osmosis desalination process using diamine switchable solvent

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