新型双压Linde-Hampson氢液化工艺设计与分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0060

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为降低氢液化厂的生产能耗与投资成本，加快我国氢能商业化、民用化的发展，本文提出了一种采用液化天然气（LNG）预冷的新型双压Linde-Hampson（L-H）氢液化工艺系统。系统的设计液氢产量为5t/d，采用膨胀降温与换热冷却相结合的方法实现了对氢气的深冷。借助Aspen HYSYS软件对工艺流程展开了详细的模拟计算与分析，结果表明，该氢液化系统的比能耗为9.802，?效率为41.4%，系统的总?损失为1373.3kW，其中换热设备的?损失占主要部分；在对系统中关键参数进行的灵敏度分析中发现，氢气预压缩压力在2~4MPa范围内变化对液化系统的比能耗和氢气液化率影响较大，而LNG的加压压力对系统性能影响较小。新型氢液化工艺系统设备简单，投资成本较低，具备良好的液化性能，在未来中小型氢液化厂的建设中优势明显。

关键词: 氢液化, HYSYS软件, 液化天然气预冷, ?分析, 灵敏度分析

Abstract:

In order to reduce the production energy consumption and investment cost of hydrogen liquefaction plants and accelerate the development of hydrogen energy commercialization and civilian use in China, a novel dual-pressure Linde-Hampson (L-H) hydrogen liquefaction process using LNG pre-cooling is proposed. The designed liquid hydrogen output of the system is 5t/d and the method combining expansion and cooling with heat exchange is adopted to realize deep cooling of hydrogen. Aspen HYSYS software is used to carry out detailed simulation calculation and analysis for the process. The results show that the specific energy consumption and exergy efficiency of the hydrogen liquefaction process are 9.802 and 41.4%, respectively, and the total exergy loss of the process is 1373.3kW, of which the exergy loss of the heat exchange system accounts for the main part. It is found from the sensitivity analysis of the key parameters in the process that the change of the pre-compression pressure of the hydrogen in the range of 2—4MPa has a greater impact on the specific energy consumption and hydrogen liquefaction rate of the liquefaction process, while the pressure of LNG has little impact on the system. The novel hydrogen liquefaction process has simple equipment, low investment cost, and better liquefaction performance. It has advantages in the construction of small and medium-sized hydrogen liquefaction plants.

Key words: hydrogen liquefaction, HYSYS software, liquefied natural gas (LNG) pre-cooling, exergy analysis, sensitivity analysis

中图分类号:

TK91

曹学文, 杨健, 边江, 刘杨, 郭丹, 李琦瑰. 新型双压Linde-Hampson氢液化工艺设计与分析[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(12): 6663-6669.

CAO Xuewen, YANG Jian, BIAN Jiang, LIU Yang, GUO Dan, LI Qigui. Design and analysis of a new type of dual-pressure Linde-Hampson hydrogen liquefaction process[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(12): 6663-6669.

图/表 14

图1 新型双压L-H氢液化工艺流程

图2 液化过程氢气循环的p-h图

表1 系统中主要设备的?方程

设备	?方程
压缩机	$Δ E C o m = E i n - E o u t = m ˙ C o m, i n × e C o m, i n + W C o m - m ˙ C o m, o u t × e C o m, o u t$
冷却器	$Δ E C = E i n - E o u t = m ˙ C, i n × (e C, i n - e C, i n)$
多流换热器	$Δ E H X = E i, i n - E i, o u t = ∑ i = 1 n m ˙ i × (e i, i n - e i, o u t)$
膨胀机	$Δ E E = E i n - E o u t = m ˙ E, i n × e E, i n - m ˙ E, o u t × e E, o u t - W E$
LNG泵	$Δ E P = E i n - E o u t = m ˙ P, i n × e P, i n + W P - m ˙ P, o u t × e P, o u t$
转化器	$Δ E C o = E i n - E o u t = m ˙ C o, i n × e C o, i n - ∑ i = 1 n m ˙ C o_i, o u t × e C o_i, o u t$

表1 系统中主要设备的?方程

设备	?方程
压缩机	$Δ E C o m = E i n - E o u t = m ˙ C o m, i n × e C o m, i n + W C o m - m ˙ C o m, o u t × e C o m, o u t$
冷却器	$Δ E C = E i n - E o u t = m ˙ C, i n × (e C, i n - e C, i n)$
多流换热器	$Δ E H X = E i, i n - E i, o u t = ∑ i = 1 n m ˙ i × (e i, i n - e i, o u t)$
膨胀机	$Δ E E = E i n - E o u t = m ˙ E, i n × e E, i n - m ˙ E, o u t × e E, o u t - W E$
LNG泵	$Δ E P = E i n - E o u t = m ˙ P, i n × e P, i n + W P - m ˙ P, o u t × e P, o u t$
转化器	$Δ E C o = E i n - E o u t = m ˙ C o, i n × e C o, i n - ∑ i = 1 n m ˙ C o_i, o u t × e C o_i, o u t$

表2 液化流程各物流的基本热力学参数

物流	温度/℃	压力/kPa	质量流量/kg·h^-1	质量?/kJ·kg^-1
Feed	25	140	208.3	397.7
GH1	8.8	140	1535.3	404.5
GH2	119.1	388.9	1535.3	1835.1
GH3	25	388.9	1535.3	1654.8
GH4	142.1	1080.1	1535.3	3181.5
GH5	25	1080.1	1535.3	2913.4
GH6	142.3	3000	1535.3	4446.1
GH7	25	3000	1535.3	4176.6
GH8	-91	3000	1535.3	4647.2
GH9	-155.5	3000	1535.3	5688.1
GH10	-189	3000	1535.3	6792.2
GH11	-195.7	2125	1535.3	6641.8
GH12	-214.5	2125	1535.3	7774.6
GH13	-219.4	1500	1535.3	7660.4
GH14	-238.3	1500	1535.3	10345.1
GH15	-252	140	1535.3	9963.2
LH	-251.8	140	208.3	14627
BH1	-251.8	140	1327	8742.2
BH2	-221.5	140	1327	4776.6
BH3	-197.9	140	1327	3337.1
BH4	-157.5	140	1327	1939.7
BH5	-94.4	140	1327	899.7
BH6	6.3	140	1327	406.8
LNG1	-160	120	1120	957.9
LNG2	-158.5	3000	1120	959
LNG3	-94.4	3000	1120	720.3
NG	23	3000	1120	460.1

表3 系统中关键物流的正仲态氢比例

物流	正氢比例/%	仲氢比例/%
Feed	75	25
GH1	12.21	88.97
BH1	1.19	98.81
LH	0.90	99.10

表4 液化系统的设备能耗与性能参数

参数	值
压缩机功耗/kW	2156.65
LNG泵功耗/kW	2.62
膨胀机回收功/kW	117.06
SEC/	9.802
EXE/%	41.4

表5 多流换热器的参数

多流热交换器	最小温差/℃	U/kW·℃^-1
HX1	2	57.35
HX2	2.012	191.13
HX3	2.042	51.66
HX4	2.203	34.80
HX5	2.078	36.54

图3 常规液化系统氢气深冷过程的复合曲线

图4 新型液化系统氢气预冷过程的复合曲线

图5 新型液化系统氢气深冷过程的复合曲线

表6 液化系统中各设备的?损失

设备	?损失/kW	?破坏率/%
Com-1	80.47	5.9
Com-2	80.51	5.9
Com-3	80.81	5.9
C-1	76.90	0.2
C-2	114.34	1.8
C-3	114.93	1.7
P-1	2.28	8
E-1	25.30	4.5
E-2	23.59	1
E-3	109.78	3.2
HX1	61.94	3.5
HX2	13.7	23.1
HX3	44.23	5.6
HX4	47.51	8.3
HX5	316.81	8.4
Co-1	180.22	13.1
总计	1373.3	100

图6 氢气预压缩压力灵敏度分析

图7 LNG加压压力灵敏度分析

表7 不同氢液化系统的液化性能比较

氢液化系统	比能耗/	?效率/%
理想预冷Linde-Hampson^［22］	16.27	27
LNG预冷L-H系统	14.30	28.53
Ingolstadt氢气液化流程^［23］	13.58	21
氦制冷液化流程^［24］	10.25	37.98
氮气预冷单压Claude系统^［22］	10	32.6
新型双压L-H系统	9.802	41.4
氮气预冷双压Claude系统^［22］	8.68	37.7
Quack氢气液化系统^［4］	6.93	52.6
WE-NET氢气液化系统^［4］	8.53	41.3

参考文献 24

1	李函珂, 党成雄, 杨光星, 等. 面向二氧化碳捕集的过程强化技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(12): 4919-4939.
	LI Hanke, DANG Chengxiong, YANG Guangxing, et al. Process intensification techniques towards carbon dioxide capture: a review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(12): 4919-4939.
2	赵永志, 蒙波, 陈霖新, 等. 氢能源的利用现状分析[J]. 化工进展, 2015, 34(9): 3248-3255.
	ZHAO Yongzhi, MENG Bo, CHEN Linxin, et al. Utilization status of hydrogen energy[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2015, 34(9): 3248-3255.
3	孟翔宇, 顾阿伦, 邬新国, 等. 2019年中国氢能政策、产业与科技发展热点回眸[J]. 科技导报, 2020, 38(3): 172-183.
	MENG Xiangyu, GU Alun, WU Xinguo, et al. Review of China’s hydrogen industry policy and scientific and technological development hotspots in 2019[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2020, 38(3): 172-183.
4	BERSTAD D O, STANG J H, NEKSÅ P. Comparison criteria for large-scale hydrogen liquefaction processes[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009, 34(3): 1560-1568.
5	朱琴君, 祝俊宗. 国内液氢加氢站的发展与前景[J]. 煤气与热力, 2020, 40(7): 15-19, 45.
	ZHU Qinjun, ZHU Junzong. Development and prospect of liquid hydrogen refueling stations in China[J]. Gas & Heat, 2020, 40(7): 15-19, 45.
6	HAMMAD A, DINCER I. Analysis and assessment of an advanced hydrogen liquefaction system[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(2): 1139-1151.
7	吕翠, 王金阵, 朱伟平, 等. 氢液化技术研究进展及能耗分析[J]. 低温与超导, 2019, 47(7): 11-18.
	Cui LYU, WANG Jinzhen, ZHU Weiping, et al. Research progress and energy consumption analysis of hydrogen liquefaction technology[J]. Cryogenics & Superconductivity, 2019, 47(7): 11-18.
8	CHANG H M, RYU K N, BAIK J H. Thermodynamic design of hydrogen liquefaction systems with helium or neon Brayton refrigerator[J]. Cryogenics, 2018, 91: 68-76.
9	YUKSEL Y E, OZTURK M, DINCER I. Analysis and assessment of a novel hydrogen liquefaction process[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(16): 11429-11438.
10	TARIQUE A, DINCER I, ZAMFIRESCU C. Application of scroll expander in cryogenic process of hydrogen liquefaction[M]//Progress in Exergy, Energy, and the Environment. Berlin: Springer International Publishing, 2014.
11	KANOGLU M, YILMAZ C, ABUSOGLU A. Geothermal energy use in absorption precooling for Claude hydrogen liquefaction cycle[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(26): 11185-11200.
12	KRASAE-IN S, STANG J H, NEKSA P. Development of large-scale hydrogen liquefaction processes from 1898 to 2009[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35(10): 4524-4533.
13	CHANG H M, KIM B H, CHOI B. Hydrogen liquefaction process with Brayton refrigeration cycle to utilize the cold energy of LNG[J]. Cryogenics, 2020, 108: 103093.
14	曹增辉. 液化天然气冷能利用方法的研究与展望[J]. 化工管理, 2020(16): 56-57.
	CAO Zenghui. Method research and prospect of LNG cold energy utilization[J]. Chemical Enterprise Management, 2020(16): 56-57.
15	QYYUM M A, QADEER K, MINH L Q, et al. Nitrogen self-recuperation expansion-based process for offshore coproduction of liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and pentane plus[J]. Applied Energy, 2019, 235: 247-257.
16	殷靓, 巨永林. 氢液化流程设计和优化方法研究进展[J]. 制冷学报, 2020, 41(3): 1-10.
	YIN Liang, JU Yonglin. Review on researches and developments of the design and optimization for hydrogen liquefaction processes[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2020, 41(3): 1-10.
17	ASADNIA M, MEHRPOOYA M. A novel hydrogen liquefaction process configuration with combined mixed refrigerant systems[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(23): 15564-15585.
18	ASLAMBAKHSH A H, MOOSAVIAN M A, AMIDPOUR M, et al. Global cost optimization of a mini-scale liquefied natural gas plant[J]. Energy, 2018, 148: 1191-1200.
19	MARMOLEJO-CORREA D, GUNDERSEN T. A comparison of exergy efficiency definitions with focus on low temperature processes[J]. Energy, 2012, 44(1): 477-489.
20	QYYUM M A, ALI W, LONG N V D, et al. Energy efficiency enhancement of a single mixed refrigerant LNG process using a novel hydraulic turbine[J]. Energy, 2018, 144: 968-976.
21	KOCHUNNI S K, CHOWDHURY K. Zero methane loss in reliquefaction of boil-off gas in liquefied natural gas carrier ships by using packed bed distillation in reverse Brayton system[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 260: 121037.
22	AASADNIA M, MEHRPOOYA M. Large-scale liquid hydrogen production methods and approaches: a review[J]. Applied Energy, 2018, 212: 57-83.
23	BRACHA M, LORENZ G, PATZELT A, et al. Large-scale hydrogen liquefaction in Germany[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1994, 19(1): 53-59.
24	殷靓, 巨永林, 王刚. 1,000 L/h氢液化装置工艺流程分析及优化[J]. 制冷技术, 2019, 39(1): 39-44.
	YIN Liang, JU Yonglin, WANG Gang. Process analysis and optimization of 1000L/h hydrogen liquefaction system[J]. Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology, 2019, 39(1): 39-44.

[1]	姜华, 张子惠, 宫武旗, 常越勇. MVR分质提盐蒸发结晶系统设计及性能分析[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3947-3956.
[2]	王建勋. 火电机组余热梯级供热技术的综合分析[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(S2): 149-155.
[3]	郑志行, 李谦, 张家元, 周浩宇. 基于Aspen Plus的Shell气流床工业气化炉模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(4): 2152-2160.
[4]	刘广林, 徐进良, 苗政. 共冷凝器双循环有机朗肯发电系统㶲分析[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(12): 6656-6662.
[5]	刘忠慧, 于旷世, 张海霞, 朱治平. 基于Aspen Plus的循环流化床工业气化炉模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(05): 1709-1717.
[6]	董丰莲, 王华, 刘华林, 王喆, 鞠胜涛. 新一代面向协同应用的计划优化系统[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(07): 1986-1993.
[7]	银醇彪，张东辉，鲁东东，张正旺. 数值模拟和优化变压吸附流程研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2014, 33(03): 550-557.
[8]	倪锦，崔国民，姜慧，胡向柏. 换热网络的柔性识别及基于旁路调节的运行优化 [J]. 化工进展, 2010, 29(1): 17-.