原油及馏分油脱酸技术进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1709

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

石油酸是原油和馏分油中普遍存在的腐蚀性物质，其主要成分为环烷酸并且含量可以高达90%以上。环烷酸具有羧酸的所有化学性质，所以常常造成严重的腐蚀，从而影响原油加工设备及油品使用设备的正常运行和使用寿命。随着近年来世界范围内高酸原油产量的逐渐增加，高原油及各种高酸值馏分油所带来的腐蚀与产品质量问题显得愈发严重，因此迫切需要开发出经济高效的脱酸技术与工艺路线。本文较为全面而详细地总结并评述了国内外原油及油品的各种脱酸技术方法。分析表明：目前所报道的各类脱酸工艺较多，其中工业应用的加氢脱酸效果虽好但是成本较高，而其他大多数脱酸方法都存在较多的缺点或不足，因此探寻一种绿色环保、经济高效并且具有较好普适性的油品脱酸工艺显得非常迫切而必要。酯化法脱酸具有加工工艺简单、不需要复杂的后继处理，几乎可以降低所有的高酸值原油和油品（轻质、重质馏分油以及渣油）的酸值，为原料油的进一步加工提供了方便。酯化脱酸工艺的关键在于高效催化剂的选择，而目前的催化酯化体系虽然脱酸率较高，但仍存在着反应时间较长的不足，相信通过反应过程强化等手段解决该问题以后，催化酯化脱酸工艺会被很快投入到原油及油品的脱酸实际工业生产中去。

关键词: 原油, 馏分油, 脱酸技术, 酯化

Abstract:

Petroleum acid is a common corrosive substance in crude oil and its distillates, and the main component of the petroleum acid is naphthenic acid the content of which can be as high as 90%. Naphthanoic acid has all the chemical properties of carboxylic acid, so it often causes serious corrosions that affect the normal operations and service life of crude oil processing equipment and the devices that oil products contact with. With the increasing production of high acid value crude oil in the world in recent years, the corrosions and product quality problems caused by high acid value crude oil and the high acid value distillate are becoming more and more serious, so it is urgent to develop an economical and efficient deacidification technology to process the naphthenic acids. In this paper, various deacidification techniques for crude oil and oil products at home and abroad are reviewed and comprehensively summarized in detail. The analysis shows that there are many deacidification technologies reported at present, among which the hydrodeacidification effect in industrial application is good but the cost is high, while most of the other deacidification methods have many shortcomings. Therefore, it is very necessary to explore a green, environmentally friendly, efficient and universal oil deacidification process. Esterification deacidification process is simple and does not need complex subsequent treatment, and it can almost reduce the acid value of all high acid value crude oil and oil products (light and heavy distillate, residual oil), which will provide conveniences for the further processing of oils. The key point of esterification deacidification process is to develop high efficient catalysts. Although the current catalytic esterification system has a high deacidification rate, there is still a common deficiency of long reaction time. It is believed that after this problem is solved by strengthening the reaction process, the catalytic esterification deacidification process will soon be used to the actual industrial production of crude oil and oil products.

Key words: crude oil, distillate oil, deacdification technologies, esterification

中图分类号:

TE65

何柏, 连欣, 蒋松山, 余波, 陈昌国, 陈琳, 雷登丽, 龚梦晴. 原油及馏分油脱酸技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(8): 3014-3026.

Bai HE, Xin LIAN, Songshan JIANG, Bo YU, Changguo CHEN, Lin CHEN, Dengli LEI, Mengqing GONG. Research progress on the deacidification technologies of crude oil and various distillates[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(8): 3014-3026.

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