燃煤电厂白色烟羽控制研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1580

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

部分地方政府出台政策要求燃煤电厂进行白色烟羽的控制，引发广泛关注。为深化白色烟羽控制研究，本文介绍了白色烟羽形成及消除机理，概述了白色烟羽控制技术，包括烟气加热、烟气除水及烟气除水再热，其中水媒式GGH、冷凝器、浆液冷却技术应用最多。进一步，对控制技术进行总结，指出现有控制技术具有一定的局限性，只能在特定环境条件下完全消除白色烟羽。以满足政策要求和环境条件为基础，兼顾技术局限性、工程实际及经济性，提出了技术选择的路线。此外，对环境影响进行了分析，指出白色烟羽控制的环境效益不明显。最后，对白色烟羽控制进行了预测，指出白色烟羽控制需灵活化、差异化、区域化，避免强制化、一致化、全面化。

关键词: 燃煤电厂, 白色烟羽, 控制技术, 技术选择, 环境影响

Abstract:

Some local governments have issued policies to control the white plume of coal-fired power plants, which has attracted widespread attention. In order to deepen the research on white plume control, the formation and elimination mechanism of white plume were introduced, and the control technologies of white plume, including flue gas heating, flue gas dewatering and flue gas dewatering and reheating, was introduced. Furthermore, the control technology is summarized, and it is pointed out that the existing control technology has some limitations, which can only eliminate the white plume completely under specific environmental conditions. On the basis of satisfying policy requirements and environmental conditions, taking into account technical limitations, engineering practice and economy, the route of technology selection is proposed. In addition, the environmental impact analysis shows that the environmental benefit of white plume control is not obvious. Finally, the white plume control is forecasted, and it is pointed out that the white plume control should be flexible, differentiated and regionalized, avoiding compulsory, uniform and generalized.

Key words: coal-fired power plant, white plume, control technology, technology selection, environmental impact

中图分类号:

X511

于伟静, 马超, 谭闻濒, 崔磊, 陈玉彬, 李昌浩. 燃煤电厂白色烟羽控制研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(S1): 232-241.

Weijing YU, Chao MA, Wenbin TAN, Lei CUI, Yubin CHEN, Changhao LI. Research progress of white plume control in coal-fired power plants[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(S1): 232-241.

图/表 13

参考文献 63

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白色烟羽控制技术			技术特点	技术研究/应用情况
烟气加热技术
直接加热技术	热二次风混合加热		系统简单、投资低，能耗高	谏壁电厂、利港电厂、台山电厂^[17]
	燃气直接加热		污染物排放增加，运行费用高	在大机组无应用业绩^[17]
	热空气混合加热		无二次污染，能耗高	应用业绩少^[52]
间接换热加热技术	回转式GGH		运行维护成本低，易积灰、腐蚀、堵塞	超低改造时基本全部拆除，部分低硫分燃煤电厂保留，如华能南通电厂、汕头电厂、外高桥电厂^[18]
	水媒式GGH		技术成熟、系统简单，要求系统前后烟道有足够空间且引风机裕量充足	应用较多，如华能淮阴电厂、华能长兴电厂、华能玉环电厂等^[18]
	热管式GGH		无二次污染，占地面积大	部分应用，如苏州热电^[17]
	管式GGH		适用于小机组及垃圾电厂	部分应用，如华能海口电厂、韶关电厂、渭河电厂^[17]
	蒸汽换热器		能耗高、经济性差，一般作为辅助加热手段	案例较少，重庆九龙电厂安装，后更换为GGH^[17]；作为辅助加热手段有所应用^[]18]
烟气除水技术
烟气冷凝技术	间接冷却技术	冷凝器	技术成熟，烟道改造困难，存在结垢、腐蚀问题，要求引风机裕量充足	应用案例多，如上海外高桥第三发电厂、常州电厂^[18]
	间接冷却技术	空冷WESP技术	适用于安装湿式静电除尘器的电厂，改造及运行费用低	国内无应用，国外有示范项目^[55]
	直接冷却技术	浆液冷却技术	改造及运行费用低，水平衡问题无法解决	应用案例多，如华润徐州电厂、天津国电津能热电有限公司等^[18]
	直接冷却技术	喷淋冷却技术	需另设加药系统，占地面积大	应用案例少
膜法工艺			占地面积小、能量损失少、操作简便，膜材选择是关键，存在结垢、堵塞问题	无应用案例，只有中试^[47]
吸收法工艺			能耗高、存在腐蚀、安全问题	无应用案例
其他技术	除雾器		只可捕集液态水，无法去除气态水	不适用于白色烟羽控制
	声波除雾
	烟囱收水环
	湿式静电除尘器

白色烟羽控制技术			技术特点	技术研究/应用情况
烟气加热技术
直接加热技术	热二次风混合加热		系统简单、投资低，能耗高	谏壁电厂、利港电厂、台山电厂^[17]
	燃气直接加热		污染物排放增加，运行费用高	在大机组无应用业绩^[17]
	热空气混合加热		无二次污染，能耗高	应用业绩少^[52]
间接换热加热技术	回转式GGH		运行维护成本低，易积灰、腐蚀、堵塞	超低改造时基本全部拆除，部分低硫分燃煤电厂保留，如华能南通电厂、汕头电厂、外高桥电厂^[18]
	水媒式GGH		技术成熟、系统简单，要求系统前后烟道有足够空间且引风机裕量充足	应用较多，如华能淮阴电厂、华能长兴电厂、华能玉环电厂等^[18]
	热管式GGH		无二次污染，占地面积大	部分应用，如苏州热电^[17]
	管式GGH		适用于小机组及垃圾电厂	部分应用，如华能海口电厂、韶关电厂、渭河电厂^[17]
	蒸汽换热器		能耗高、经济性差，一般作为辅助加热手段	案例较少，重庆九龙电厂安装，后更换为GGH^[17]；作为辅助加热手段有所应用^[]18]
烟气除水技术
烟气冷凝技术	间接冷却技术	冷凝器	技术成熟，烟道改造困难，存在结垢、腐蚀问题，要求引风机裕量充足	应用案例多，如上海外高桥第三发电厂、常州电厂^[18]
	间接冷却技术	空冷WESP技术	适用于安装湿式静电除尘器的电厂，改造及运行费用低	国内无应用，国外有示范项目^[55]
	直接冷却技术	浆液冷却技术	改造及运行费用低，水平衡问题无法解决	应用案例多，如华润徐州电厂、天津国电津能热电有限公司等^[18]
	直接冷却技术	喷淋冷却技术	需另设加药系统，占地面积大	应用案例少
膜法工艺			占地面积小、能量损失少、操作简便，膜材选择是关键，存在结垢、堵塞问题	无应用案例，只有中试^[47]
吸收法工艺			能耗高、存在腐蚀、安全问题	无应用案例
其他技术	除雾器		只可捕集液态水，无法去除气态水	不适用于白色烟羽控制
	声波除雾
	烟囱收水环
	湿式静电除尘器

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