水处理集成微藻生物柴油生命周期系统环境影响评价

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0542

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用生活废水的二级出水培养微藻可有效提高微藻生物柴油生产过程的环境效益，降低其环境影响。本文基于生命周期分析原理，针对结合了废水培养微藻的两种微藻生物柴油生产技术路线，即传统路线和热解酯化路线，建立了环境影响评价模型；提出了水处理集成微藻生物柴油生命周期系统评价的水处理过程替代效应的概念及其环境效益定量评价方法；通过计算对比了基于新鲜水培养微藻的两种技术路线的总环境影响指数和废水培养微藻的两种技术路线的环境效益，表明热解酯化工艺结合废水培养微藻路线相较其他工艺路线具有最小的环境影响，表明水处理过程替代效应在水处理集成微藻生物柴油生命周期系统评价中的有效性和必要性。

关键词: 微藻生物柴油, 生命周期分析, 环境影响评价, 废水培养, 水处理过程替代效应

Abstract:

Cultivating microalgae by the secondary effluent of domestic wastewater can effectively increase the environmental benefits and reduce the environmental impact of the microalgae biodiesel production processes. Based on the life cycle analysis principle, a method for the assessment of environmental impact for two microalgae biodiesel production technical routes, namely a traditional route and a pyrolysis esterification route, both combined with wastewater microalgae cultivation, was proposed in this paper. To ensure the objectivity of the evaluation of the environmental impact, a concept of “water treatment process replacement effect” for the water treatment integrated microalgae biodiesel life cycle system was proposed, and a quantitative method for estimating the environmental benefit of this effect was implemented into the proposed assessment method. To validate the proposed method, the total environmental impacts of the two technical routes based on fresh water cultured microalgae and those based on wastewater culture were calculated and compared. The results showed that the pyrolysis esterification process combined with the wastewater culture microalgae route has minimal environmental impact compared to the other routes, suggesting that the water treatment process replacement effect is essential in the water treatment integrated microalgae biodiesel life cycle system.

Key words: microalgae biodiesel, life cycle analysis, environmental impact assessment, wastewater culturing, wastewater treatment process replacement

中图分类号:

黄泽健,罗祎青,袁希钢. 水处理集成微藻生物柴油生命周期系统环境影响评价[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(1): 34-41.

Zejian HUANG,Yiqing LUO,Xigang YUAN. Environmental impact assessment of water treatment integrated microalgae biodiesel life cycle system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(1): 34-41.

图/表 10

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项目	传统工艺新鲜水培养	传统工艺废水培养	热解酯化新鲜水培养	热解酯化废水培养
输入
电能/kW·h	1.18	1.19	0.87	0.87
蒸汽能/MJ	11.38	11.38	5.22	5.22
正己烷/g	0.52		0.52
甲醇/g	117	117	123	123
盐酸/g	3.83	3.83
氢氧化钾/g	5.88	5.88
硫酸/g			17.1	17.1
氮肥/g	427.8		427.8
磷肥/g	52.6		52.6
输出
MABD/kg	1	1	1	1
甘油/g	170	170	117	117
生物气/m³	0.91	0.91	1.00	1.00

项目	传统工艺新鲜水培养	传统工艺废水培养	热解酯化新鲜水培养	热解酯化废水培养
输入
电能/kW·h	1.18	1.19	0.87	0.87
蒸汽能/MJ	11.38	11.38	5.22	5.22
正己烷/g	0.52		0.52
甲醇/g	117	117	123	123
盐酸/g	3.83	3.83
氢氧化钾/g	5.88	5.88
硫酸/g			17.1	17.1
氮肥/g	427.8		427.8
磷肥/g	52.6		52.6
输出
MABD/kg	1	1	1	1
甘油/g	170	170	117	117
生物气/m³	0.91	0.91	1.00	1.00

环境影响类型	特征化指数	单位
GWP	1.71	kg CO₂当量
AP	1.19×10^-2	kg SO₂当量
EP	1.33×10^-3	kg PO₄^3-当量
ODP	1.63×10^-11	kg R-11当量
POCP	9.43×10^-4	kg C₂H₄当量
HTP	6.29×10^-1	kg 1,4-DCB当量

环境影响类型	特征化指数	单位
GWP	1.71	kg CO₂当量
AP	1.19×10^-2	kg SO₂当量
EP	1.33×10^-3	kg PO₄^3-当量
ODP	1.63×10^-11	kg R-11当量
POCP	9.43×10^-4	kg C₂H₄当量
HTP	6.29×10^-1	kg 1,4-DCB当量

环境影响种类	传统工艺废水培养	传统工艺新鲜水培养	热解酯化废水培养	热解酯化新鲜水培养
GWP/kg CO₂	2.25	3.09	1.44	2.30
AP/kg SO₂	1.95×10^-2	2.89×10^-2	1.46×10^-2	2.42×10^-2
EP/kg PO₄^3-	8.67×10^-4	1.13×10^-3	4.73×10^-4	9.72×10^-4
ODP/kg R-11	5.41×10^-9	5.74×10^-9	2.61×10^-9	2.94×10^-9
POCP/kg C₂H₄	8.80×10^-4	1.34×10^-3	6.54×10^-4	1.12×10^-3
HTP/kg 1,4-DCB	2.08×10^-1	5.47×10^-1	1.54×10^-1	4.97×10^-1