流化床垃圾焚烧炉飞灰沉积实验

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0574

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在自行搭建的小型流化床积灰试验台上选用流化床垃圾焚烧炉对流管束浮灰，模拟焚烧炉烟气环境下开展飞灰沉积实验。首先分析浮灰理化特性，结果表明：随着粒径增大，浮灰中CaO和SO₃含量逐渐降低，而SiO₂和Al₂O₃的含量逐渐增加；碱金属Na和K以及卤素Cl的含量在粒径较小的浮灰中含量最高。其次重点研究了浮灰粒径、烟气温度和换热管表面温度对飞灰沉积特性的影响规律，结果表明：积灰中主要富含Ca、S、Si和Al等元素，积灰中CaO和SO₃含量比浮灰高，而Al₂O₃和SiO₂含量比浮灰低；积灰量随着烟气温度升高而增加；粒径对灰沉积影响作用显著，大粒径灰颗粒难沉积而小粒径灰粒易沉积；管壁温度在600℃时，积灰量最小。积灰中CaO和SO₃的含量随着管壁温度升高而减少，而难熔Al₂O₃和SiO₂的含量随着管壁温度升高而增加。

关键词: 流化床, 废物处理, 沉积物, 对流受热面, 碱金属

Abstract:

Experiments were carried out to examine the ash depositon characteristics in a bench-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB). The influence of ash particle sizes, flue gas temperatures and heat exchange tube surfaces temperature (500℃, 550℃, 600℃ and 650℃) on ash deposit formation rate was investigated. The results indicated that with the increase of particle size, the content of CaO and SO₃ in the loose-like fouling ash gradually decreased, while the content of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ increased gradually. The contents of the alkali metals Na and K and the halogen Cl were the highest in the ash with a smaller particle size. The ash deposition is mainly rich in elements such as Ca, S, Si and Al. The content of CaO and SO₃ in the ash is higher than that in the fouling ash, while the content of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ is lower. The deposition mass increases as the temperature of the flue gas increases, and decrease as the particle size range of the fly ash increases. The effect of particle size on ash deposition is significant. Large-size ash particles are difficult to deposit while small-size ash particles are easy to deposit. The deposition mass achieve a minimum at the probe surface temperature of 600℃. The content of CaO and SO₃ decreases as the probe surface increases, while the content of refractory Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ increases as the wall temperature increases.

Key words: fluidized-bed, waste treatment, deposition, convection heating surfaces, alkali metals

中图分类号:

X705

唐智,陈晓平,刘道银,梁财,马吉亮. 流化床垃圾焚烧炉飞灰沉积实验[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(1): 387-394.

Zhi TANG,Xiaoping CHEN,Daoyin LIU,Cai LIANG,Jiliang MA. Experimental investigation of ash deposition on heating surfaces in a municipal solid waste (MSW) bubbling fluidized beds[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(1): 387-394.

图/表 14

表1 入炉煤和混合垃圾灰组分分析

样品名称	灰组分质量分数/%
样品名称	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	Al₂O₃	CaO	MgO	SO₃
煤灰	49.46	4.75	30.80	6.42	1.10	3.83
混合垃圾灰	42.89	5.74	18.49	10.0	2.64	0.94

图1 流化床飞灰沉积实验系统

图2 积灰采样管结构

图3 对流管束浮灰粒径分布

图4 不同粒径浮灰的化学成分

表2 布袋除尘器中浮灰与原灰样的组分对比

样品名称	灰组分质量分数/%
样品名称	CaO	SO₃	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	TiO₂	MnO	Cl
CF1	33.63	29.66	9.16	10.36	3.85	0.98	5.46	3.36	0.82	0.36	2.36
CF1S	34.28	28.76	10.35	11.28	3.86	0.87	4.38	3.07	0.65	0.42	2.08
CF5	21.90	20.12	28.97	17.48	5.27	1.76	1.24	1.61	0.92	0.11	0.62
CF5S	22.80	21.78	28.78	15.99	4.38	1.09	1.19	1.98	0.86	0.23	0.92

图5 积灰质量随烟气温度和飞灰粒径分布的变化

图6 不同工况下积灰表观形貌

表3 图6中1～8各点的主要元素

点	主要元素
1、8	Ca、S、O
2、3	Ca、Si、S、O
4、6、7	Al、Si、O
5	Si、O

图7 图6中第6点的能谱图

图8 不同工况下积灰的化学成分

图9 不同管壁温度下积灰质量

图10 不同管壁温度下积灰的微观形貌

图11 烟气温度为850℃不同管壁温度下积灰的化学成分

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