基于危险和可操作性和模拟计算的氯乙烯精馏定量风险分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0556

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高工业过程风险分析的准确性，通过危险和可操作性（HAZOP）定量分析方法建立了基于HAZOP定量分析模型。本文将传统的HAZOP分析和化工模拟软件Aspen Plus相结合，建立工艺流程模型。通过灵敏度分析功能模拟过程参数产生偏差大小对系统影响的程度，从而对偏差进行量化，确定过程参数的安全操作范围。将此方法应用于某化工厂氯乙烯精馏的风险分析中，结果表明，该方法可以准确反映进料参数偏差对氯乙烯精馏系统的影响：当进料温度相对偏差高于25%时，低沸塔再沸器热负荷超出安全阈值；进料量相对偏差高于20%时，两塔冷凝器热负荷超出安全阈值；进料组成绝对偏差高于1.5%时，高沸塔冷凝器热负荷超出安全阈值，塔顶产品质量下降。通过进料参数偏差量化，实现氯乙烯精馏定量风险分析，为企业提出更为有效的安全措施。

关键词: 危险和可操作性分析, 数值模拟, 模型, 氯乙烯精馏, 风险定量

Abstract:

In order to improve the accuracy of industrial process risk analysis, a quantitative analysis model based on hazard and operability(HAZOP) was established by HAZOP quantitative analysis method, which combines the traditional HAZOP analysis with the chemical simulation software Aspen Plus to create a process model. The sensitivity analysis function was used to simulate the process parameters to determine the degree of influence of the deviation on the system, thereby quantifying the deviation and determining the safe operating range of the process parameters. The method was applied to the risk analysis of vinyl chloride rectification in a chemical plant. The results showed that the method can accurately reflect the influence of feed parameter deviation on the vinyl chloride rectification system. When the relative deviation of feed temperature is higher than 25%, the heat load of the reboiler in the low boiler tower exceeds the safety threshold. When the relative deviation of the feed amount is higher than 20%, the heat load of the two tower condenser exceeds the safety threshold. When the absolute deviation of the feed composition is higher than 1.5%, the heat load of the high boiling tower condenser exceeds the safety threshold, the quality of products on the top of the tower decreases. Through quantification of feed parameters, quantitative risk analysis of vinyl chloride rectification was realized, which provides more effective safety measures for enterprises.

Key words: HAZOP analysis, numerical analysis, model, vinyl chloride distillation, risk quantification

中图分类号:

X 937

陈鑫,陶刚,张礼敬. 基于危险和可操作性和模拟计算的氯乙烯精馏定量风险分析[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(1): 89-94.

Xin CHEN,Gang TAO,Lijing ZHANG. Quantitative risk analysis of vinyl chloride distillation based on HAZOP and simulation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(1): 89-94.

图/表 11

参考文献 14

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参数	低沸塔B1	高沸塔B2
塔板数	29	41
进料塔板位置	3	12
进料流量/kmol·h^-1	365	360
回流比	5	0.6
进料温度/℃	20	34
塔顶温度/℃	27.8	12.5
塔底温度/℃	35.2	29.9
压力/MPa	0.53	0.27

参数	低沸塔B1	高沸塔B2
塔板数	29	41
进料塔板位置	3	12
进料流量/kmol·h^-1	365	360
回流比	5	0.6
进料温度/℃	20	34
塔顶温度/℃	27.8	12.5
塔底温度/℃	35.2	29.9
压力/MPa	0.53	0.27

节点	引导词	偏差	原因	后果	保护措施
1	流量	过高	阀门故障泵流量大	产品流量超过控制指标塔液位高，可能导致淹塔塔顶产品不合格	设置流量监测流量高报警
		过低	阀门故障泵故障/流量小	产品流量低于控制指标可能出现漏液现象	设置流量监测流量低报警
2	温度	过高	来自压缩工段气体温度偏高全凝器温度偏高	塔内物料平衡改变影响精馏效果	设置温度监测温度高报警
		过低	来自压缩工段气体温度偏低全凝器温度偏低	塔再沸器热负荷上升塔釜液位上升塔内物料平衡改变	设置温度监测温度低报警

节点	引导词	偏差	原因	后果	保护措施
1	流量	过高	阀门故障泵流量大	产品流量超过控制指标塔液位高，可能导致淹塔塔顶产品不合格	设置流量监测流量高报警
		过低	阀门故障泵故障/流量小	产品流量低于控制指标可能出现漏液现象	设置流量监测流量低报警
2	温度	过高	来自压缩工段气体温度偏高全凝器温度偏高	塔内物料平衡改变影响精馏效果	设置温度监测温度高报警
		过低	来自压缩工段气体温度偏低全凝器温度偏低	塔再沸器热负荷上升塔釜液位上升塔内物料平衡改变	设置温度监测温度低报警

序号	分析场景
1	进料温度的相对偏差对冷凝器和再沸器热负荷的影响
2	进料流量的相对偏差对冷凝器和再沸器热负荷的影响
3	进料组成的绝对偏差对冷凝器、再沸器热负荷以及产品回收率影响