污泥深度脱水技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0056

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着经济的发展和国民生活水平的提高，污水污泥的排放量逐年增加，环境问题愈发严重，污泥的处理处置成为焦点问题，污泥脱水是制约污泥处置处理进一步发展的关键。本文针对目前污泥深度脱水技术开展，首先简述了不同来源污泥的分类及其基本特性，然后重点阐述了不同污泥预处理技术，分析了各污泥深度脱水技术作用机理，并对各自脱水效果及优缺点进行比较分析。结果表明，物理法中水热预处理对污泥的可脱水程度提升最大。较低声强、短时间的超声波处理对污泥脱水性能有着明显的改善。化学法在污泥过滤性能以及脱水速率方面有很大优势，酸碱处理后污泥zeta电位上升，污泥过滤性能及脱水速率得到改善。高级氧化法处理后污泥脱水效果高于酸碱处理，微生物细胞被溶解释放出有机物，可脱水程度改善。生物法处理污泥除改善污泥脱水性能外，还有对环境污染小等特点，但耗时较长。最后对污泥的后续脱水工艺进行综述，介绍了现存的主流脱水工艺，包括机械脱水、热干化技术、水热脱水工艺等；并针对不同的污泥后续利用方法，选取合适的预处理技术，提出相应优化的污泥处理工艺流程。

关键词: 废物处理, 降解, 水热, 氧化, 污泥深度脱水, 化学预处理, 物理预处理, 污泥脱水工艺

Abstract:

With the increasing discharge of sewage sludge in China, sludge treatment and disposal has drawn more and more attention. Dewatering is the bottleneck that restricts sludge disposal. A review on sludge deep dewatering technology was thus studied in this work. Firstly, the classification and characteristics of sludge were reviewed and introduced. Secondly, different sludge deep dewatering techniques were reviewed and the mechanism of these techniques were analyzed. The dewatering performance, advantages and disadvantages of these techniques were also analyzed. The results showed that the hydrothermal pretreatment in the physical method improves the sludge dewatering performance to the maximum. Ultrasonic treatment with lower intensity and short time can improve the sludge dewatering performance obviously. The chemical method has great advantages in sludge filtration performance and dewatering rate. After the acid/alkali treatment, the zeta potential of the sludge increased, the sludge filtration performance, and dewatering rate were improved. Compared to acid/alkali treatment, the dewatering performance of sludge treated by advanced oxidation method is better. The sludge microbial cells are dissolved and organic matter is released during advanced oxidation treatment. The sludge dewater ability is thus improved. Biological treatment can also improve sludge dewatering performance. It is environmentally friendly but time-consuming. Finally, common follow-up sludge dewatering processes and systems were introduced, i.e., mechanical pressure-filter technology, thermal drying technology, hydrothermal technology. Based on different sludge subsequent utilization methods, the optimized sludge pretreatment method was recommended and proposed.

Key words: waste treatment, degradation, hydrothermal, oxidation, advanced dewatering of sludge, chemical pretreatment, physical pretreatment, sludge dewatering process

中图分类号:

X705

陈丹丹,窦昱昊,卢平,黄亚继,周军. 污泥深度脱水技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(10): 4722-4746.

Dandan CHEN,Yuhao DOU,Ping LU,Yaji HUANG,Jun ZHOU. A review on sludge deep dewatering technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(10): 4722-4746.

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