光气化反应技术生产异氰酸酯的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 光气化反应技术是目前工业化规模生产有机异氰酸酯最主要的工艺技术，具有工艺成熟、反应收率高等优点，但由于反应过程涉及剧毒物质光气和生产副产物氯化氢，使其存在安全和环保等隐患。本文首先结合光气化反应机理，分析了光气化反应技术的本质缺点，总结了目前针对其本质缺点进行改进的研究现状，认为随着科技地进步，光气化反应技术的两个缺点可以逐步克服。其次，回顾了光气化反应技术从最初的小规模实验室工艺到目前大规模先进生产工艺的发展历程，从反应工程的角度总结了光气化反应技术逐步改进的内在机理，并在此基础上提出了今后光气化技术进一步发展的趋势和研究方向；最后，论文对非光气化异氰酸酯生产技术的研究进行了总结，指出非光气化技术是将来的发展趋势，但在相当长的时间内，还难以在工业装置上取代光气化技术。因此，对光气化反应技术进行进一步的研究，对目前异氰酸酯工业的节能减排和提高效率具有重要的现实意义。

关键词: 异氰酸酯, 光气化, 反应器

Abstract: Phosgenation reaction is the main technology to produce isocyanate in industrialization scale at present,which has advantages of mature process and high yields. However,there are still existing some potential hazards in safety and environmental protection because of phosgene and HCl as reactant and product in phosgenation reaction. This paper analyzed firstly the intrinsic defects of phosgenation reaction technology,combined with the phosgenation mechanism,and summarized the present states of improvements to the defects and concluded that two shortcomings of the technology can be solved step by step. Next,this paper retrospected the development history of phosgenation technology and summarized the internal mechanism of phosgenation progress based on reaction engineering,as well as presented the development tendency of phosgenation process. Finally,this paper briefly introduced some non-phosgenation technologies and agreed with that some of them will replace the present technology in the future but not in a short term while we compared the each features. Therefore,the further researches on phosgenation technology are necessary in promoting the technology of isocyanate industry and for the energy-saving and cost-reducing.

Key words: isocyanate, phosgenation, reactor

中图分类号:

TQ226

毕荣山, 胡明明, 谭心舜, 郑世清. 光气化反应技术生产异氰酸酯的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(05): 1565-1572.

BI Rongshan, HU Mingming, TAN Xinshun, ZHENG Shiqing. Research progress on development of phosgenation reaction technology in isocyanate industry[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(05): 1565-1572.

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