低温催化脱硝技术的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.07.040

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 面对日益严重的环境问题,燃煤烟气催化脱硝技术得到了较快发展。针对目前应用较为广泛的选择性催化还原脱硝技术,本文从催化脱硝技术的机理出发综述了低温催化脱硝方面的研究进展,将低温催化脱硝技术分成两大类:低温氨法选择性催化还原脱硝技术和低温非氨法催化脱硝技术。在低温氨法选择性催化还原脱硝技中总结了金属氧化物催化剂、分子筛催化剂以及碳基催化剂等的反应机理和反应过程,揭示了影响脱硝效率的各种因素;低温非氨法催化脱硝技术中从反应方式出发,总结了NO_x催化裂解技术、HC-SCR技术、NO_x吸附-还原技术以及CO催化脱硝技术的研究进展,并对反应影响因素进行了综述。探索了各种催化剂的优势和不足之处:低温NH₃-SCR技术具有选择性高、效率高的特点但是其还原剂价格较贵且存储运输较为困难;低温非氨法催化脱硝技术选择性差、效率低,但是还原剂价格低廉、易于制备,且在工艺方面改进时可以达到要求的效率。在此基础上本文展望了未来低温催化脱硝的研究方向:在降低脱硝成本的情况下改善催化脱硝工艺,大力发展氮氧化物吸附还原等技术。

关键词: 脱硝, 低温, 催化, 选择催化还原, 氮氧化物, 环境

Abstract: With the increasingly serious environmental problems, catalytic reduction technology of NO_x in coal-fired flue gas has been developed rapidly. In view of the widely applied selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x technology, we reviewed the research of catalytic denitration at low temperature from their catalytic mechanism, and classified low-temperature catalytic denitration as low-temperature NH₃-SCR and low-temperature catalytic denitration without NH₃. Metal oxides catalysts, zeolite catalysts and carbon-based catalysts were summarized as NH₃-SCR catalysts, and their catalytic mechanism were also reviewed. Low-temperature catalytic denitration without NH₃ included HC-SCR, NO_x catalytic decomposition, catalytic reduction by CO and NO_x adsorption-reduction technology. Low temperature NH₃-SCR had the advantages of high selectivity and efficiency but the cost of reductant was more as well as its storage and transportation were difficult. Low-temperature catalytic denitration without NH₃ had low efficiency and selectivity, but its reductant was cheaper, easy produced and its efficiency was higher when the operation process was improved. In conclusion, low-temperature catalytic denitration technology should lower the cost and improve denitration process such as NO_x storage-reduction technology in the future.

Key words: DeNO_x, low temperature, catalysis, SCR, nitric oxides, environment

中图分类号:

X511

王鲁元, 程星星, 王志强, 张兴宇, 马春元. 低温催化脱硝技术的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(07): 2222-2235.

WANG Luyuan, CHENG Xingxing, WANG Zhiqiang, ZHANG Xingyu, MA Chunyuan . Recent research progress in catalytic reduction of NO_x at low temperature[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2016, 35(07): 2222-2235.

参考文献

[1] 毛健雄,毛健全,赵树民. 煤的清洁燃烧[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1998.
[2] 钟标城,周广英,王文辉,等. Fe掺杂对 MnO_x 催化剂结构性质及低温SCR反应机制的影响[J]. 环境科学学报,2011,31(10):2091-2101.
[3] 张强,许世森,王志强. 选择性催化还原烟气脱硝技术进展及工程应用[J]. 热力发电,2004,33(4):1-6.
[4] 韦正乐,黄碧纯,叶代启,等. 烟气NO_x低温选择性催化还原催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展,2007,26(3):320-325.
[5] 徐青,郑章靖,凌长明,等. 低温选择性催化还原脱除NO_x的催化剂的研究进展[J]. 环境污染与防治,2011,33(6):81-85.
[6] CHANG H,Li J,CHEN X,et al. Effect of Sn on MnO_x-CeO₂ catalyst for SCR of NO_x by ammonia:enhancement of activity and remarkable resistance to SO₂[J]. Catalysis Communications,2012,27:54-57.
[7] MA L,CHENG Y,CAVATAIO G,et al. Characterization of commercial Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts with hydrothermal treatment for NH₃-SCR of NO_x in diesel exhaust[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,225:323-330.
[8] KOEBEL M,ELSENER M,MADIA G. Reaction pathways in the selective catalytic reduction process with NO and NO₂ at low temperatures[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2001,40(1):52-59.
[9] SALKER A V,WEISWEILER W. Catalytic behaviour of metal based ZSM-5 catalysts for NO_x reduction with NH₃ in dry and humid conditions[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General,2000,203(2):221-229.
[10] DEVADAS M,KRÖCHER O,ELSENER M,et al. Influence of NO₂ on the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia over Fe-ZSM5[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2006,67(3):187-196.
[11] RICHTER M,TRUNSCHKE A,BENTRUP U,et al. Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia over egg-shell MnO_x/NaY composite catalysts[J]. Journal of Catalysis,2002,206(1):98-113.
[12] WEI Z S,DU Z Y,LIN Z H,et al. Removal of NO_x by microwave reactor with ammonium bicarbonate and Ga-A zeolites at low temperature[J]. Energy,2007,32(8):1455-1459.
[13] 戴韵. 影响锰基催化剂低温脱硝活性的主要因素研究[D]. 北京:清华大学,2012.
[14] LI J,CHEN J,KE R,et al. Effects of precursors on the surface Mn species and the activities for NO reduction over MnO_x/TiO₂ catalysts[J]. Catalysis Communications,2007,8(12):1896-1900.
[15] PENA D A,UPHADE B S,SMIRNIOTIS P G. TiO₂-supported metal oxide catalysts for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃:Ⅰ. Evaluation and characterization of first row transition metals[J]. Journal of Catalysis,2004,221(2):421-431.
[16] WU Z,JIANG B,LIU Y,et al. Experimental study on a low-temperature SCR catalyst based on MnO_x/TiO₂ prepared by sol-gel method[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,145(3):488-494.
[17] WU Z,JIANG B,LIU Y. Effect of transition metals addition on the catalyst of manganese/titania for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2008,79(4):347-355.
[18] KANTCHEVA M. Identification,stability,and reactivity of NO_xspecies adsorbed on titania-supported manganese catalysts[J]. Journal of Catalysis,2001,204(2):479-494.
[19] 闫志勇,高翔,吴杰,等. V₂O₅-WO₃-MoO₃/TiO₂ 催化剂制备及NH₃选择性还原NO_x的试验研究[J]. 动力工程,2007,27(2):282-286.
[20] LONG R Q,CHANG M T,YANG R T. Enhancement of activities by sulfation on Fe-exchanged TiO₂-pillared clay for selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2001,33(2):97-107.
[21] 刘炜,童志权,罗婕. Ce-Mn/TiO₂催化剂选择性催化还原NO的低温活性及抗毒化性能[J]. 环境科学学报,2006,26(8):1240-1245.
[22] CHANG H,CHEN X,LI J,et al. Improvement of activity and SO₂ tolerance of Sn-modified Mn_x-CeO₂ catalysts for NH₃-SCR at low temperatures[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2013,47(10):5294-5301.
[23] RAMIS G,LARRUBIA M A. An FT-IR study of the adsorption and oxidation of N-containing compounds over Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ SCR catalysts[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical,2004,215(1):161-167.
[24] 唐晓龙,郝吉明,徐文国,等. 新型 MnO_x 催化剂用于低温 NH₃ 选择性催化还原 NO_x[J]. 催化学报,2006,27(10):843-848.
[25] QI G,YANG R T. Ultra-active Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2005,60(1):13-22.
[26] KANG M,PARK E D,KIM J M,et al. Cu-Mn mixed oxides for low temperature NO reduction with NH₃[J]. Catalysis Today,2006,111(3):236-241.
[27] IRFAN M F,GOO J H,KIM S D. Co₃O₄ based catalysts for NO oxidation and NO_x reduction in fast SCR process[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2008,78(3):267-274.
[28] 唐晓龙. 低温选择性催化还原 NO_x 技术及反应机理[M]. 北京:冶金工业出版社,2007.
[29] LUO J Z,GAO L Z,LEUNG Y L,et al. The decomposition of NO on CNTs and 1wt% Rh/CNTs[J]. Catalysis Letters,2000,66(1-2):91-97.
[30] HUANG B,HUANG R,JIN D,et al. Low temperature SCR of NO with NH₃ over carbon nanotubes supported vanadium oxides[J]. Catalysis Today,2007,126(3):279-283.
[31] CHEN X,GAO S,WANG H,et al. Selective catalytic reduction of NO over carbon nanotubes supported CeO₂[J]. Catalysis Communications,2011,14(1):1-5.
[32] FANG C,ZHANG D,SHI L,et al. Highly dispersed CeO₂ on carbon nanotubes for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology,2013,3(3):803-811.
[33] WANG L,HUANG B,SU Y,et al. Manganese oxides supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃:catalytic activity and characterization[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,192:232-241.
[34] FAN X,QIU F,YANG H,et al. Selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with ammonia over Mn-Ce-O_x/TiO₂-carbon nanotube composites[J]. Catalysis Communications,2011,12(14):1298-1301.
[35] 苏艳霞. 碳纳米管负载锰氧化物的 NH₃-SCR 反应性能及机理研究[D]. 广州:华南理工大学,2013.
[36] 肖长发. 活性炭纤维及其应用[J]. 高科技纤维与应用,2001,26(4):27-31.
[37] 张鹏宇,杨巧云,许绿丝,等. 活性炭纤维低温吸附氧化 NO 的试验研究[J]. 电力环境保护,2004,20(2):25-28.
[38] MUNIZ J,MARBAN G,FUERTES A B. Low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO over modified activated carbon fibres[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2000,27(1):27-36.
[39] YOSHIKAWA M,YASUTAKE A,MOCHIDA I. Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO_x by metal oxides supported on active carbon fibers[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General,1998,173(2):239-245.
[40] 沈伯雄,郭宾彬,史展亮,等. CeO₂/ACF 的低温 SCR 烟气脱硝性能研究[J]. 燃料化学学报,2007,35(1):125-128.
[41] MARBÁN G,FUERTES A B. Low-temperature SCR of NO_x with NH₃ over Nomex™ rejects-based activated carbon fibre composite-supported manganese oxides:Part Ⅱ. Effect of procedures for impregnation and active phase formation[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2001,34(1):55-71.
[42] GARCIA-BORDEJÉ E,CALVILLO L,LÁZARO M J,et al. Vanadium supported on carbon-coated monoliths for the SCR of NO at low temperature:effect of pore structure[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2004,50(4):235-242.
[43] 刘守军,刘振宇,朱珍平,等. CuO/AC 低温脱除烟气中 SO_x 和 NO_x 的研究[J]. 燃料化学学报,1999,27(1):192-198.
[44] 周愉千,刘超,宋鹏,等. CeO_x/AC 催化剂 NH₃ 选择性催化还原 NO[J]. 环境工程学报,2012,6(8):2720-2724.
[45] PASEL J,KÄßNER P,MONTANARI B,et al. Transition metal oxides supported on active carbons as low temperature catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH₃[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,1998,18(3):199-213.
[46] ZHU Z,LIU Z,LIU S,et al. A novel carbon-supported vanadium oxide catalyst for NO reduction with NH₃ at low temperatures[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,1999,23(4):L229-L233.
[47] OBERLIN A. Carbonization and graphitization[J]. Carbon,1984,22(6):521-541.
[48] GENTRY F M. Technology of low temperature carbonization[J]. Nature,1929,124:2-4.
[49] 王萍. 改性活性半焦脱除烟气中 NO_x 的研究[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[50] 郭瑞莉. 活性半焦用于烟气脱硫脱硝的研究[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[51] XIE Q,ZHANG X L,CHEN Q R,et al. Influence of surface modification by nitric acid on the dispersion of copper nitrate in activated carbon[J]. New Carbon Materials,2003,18(3):203-208.
[52] 张丽,李春虎,侯影飞,等. 活性半焦吸附剂吸附脱除 FCC 汽油中硫的研究[J]. 环境化学,2008,27(3):301-304.
[53] ZHU Z P,LIU Z Y,LIU S J,et al. Flue gas NO_x removal by SCR with NH₃ on CuO/AC at low temperatures[J]. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis,2000,130:1385-1390.
[54] CHEN Y,WANG J P,YAN Z,et al. Promoting effect of Nd on the reduction of NO with NH₃ over CeO₂ supported by activated semi-coke:an in situ DRIFTS study[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology,2015,5(4):2251-2259.
[55] WANG J P,YAN Z,LIU L,et al. Low-temperature SCR of NO with NH₃ over activated semi-coke composite-supported rare earth oxides[J]. Applied Surface Science,2014,309:1-10.
[56] SAZAMA P,WICHTERLOVÁ B,TÁBOR E,et al. Tailoring of the structure of Fe-cationic species in Fe-ZSM-5 by distribution of Al atoms in the framework for N₂O decomposition and NH₃-SCR-NO_x[J]. Journal of Catalysis,2014,312:123-138.
[57] BOROŃ P,CHMIELARZ L,GURGUL J,et al. The influence of the preparation procedures on the catalytic activity of Fe-BEA zeolites in SCR of NO with ammonia and N₂O decomposition[J]. Catalysis Today,2014,235:210-225.
[58] XIA H,SUN K,LIU Z,et al. The promotional effect of NO on N₂O decomposition over the Bi-nuclear Fe sites in Fe/ZSM-5[J]. Journal of Catalysis,2010,270(1):103-109.
[59] BERA P,SEENIVASAN H,RAJAM K S,et al. Characterization of amorphous Co-P alloy coatings electrodeposited with pulse current using gluconate bath[J]. Applied Surface Science,2012,258(24):9544-9553.
[60] BAI B,ARANDIYAN H,LI J. Comparison of the performance for oxidation of formaldehyde on nano-Co₃O₄,2D-Co₃O₄,and 3D-Co₃O₄ catalysts[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2013,142:677-683.
[61] PASHA N,LINGAIAH N,BABU N S,et al. Studies on cesium doped cobalt oxide catalysts for direct N₂O decomposition in the presence of oxygen and steam[J]. Catalysis Communications,2008,10(2):132-136.
[62] NAKAMURA I,HANEDA M,HAMADA H,et al. Direct decomposition of nitrogen monoxide over a K-deposited Co (0001) surface:comparison to K-doped cobalt oxide catalysts[J]. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena,2006,150(2):150-154.
[63] HANEDA M,TSUBOI G,NAGAO Y,et al. Direct decomposition of NO over alkaline earth metal oxide catalysts supported on cobalt oxide[J]. Catalysis Letters,2004,97(3/4):145-150.
[64] ZHANG Zhaoliang,MA Jun,LIU Zhaoqing,et al. Titanium-promoted cobalt sulfide catalysts for no decomposition and reduction by CO[J]. Chemistry Letters,2001(5):464-465.
[65] HAMADA H,KINTAICHI Y,SASAKI M,et al. Silver-promoted cobal oxide catalysts for direct decomposition of nitrogen monoxide[J]. Chemistry Letters,1990(7):1069-1070.
[66] RAO G R,KAŠPAR J,MERIANI S,et al. NO decomposition over partially reduced metallized CeO₂-ZrO₂ solid solutions[J]. Catalysis Letters,1994,24(1/2):107-112.
[67] IWAMOTO M,YAHIRO H,TANDA K,et al. Removal of nitrogen monoxide through a novel catalytic process. 1. Decomposition on excessively copper-ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolites[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry,1991,95(9):3727-3730.
[68] JABŁOŃSKA M,PALKOVITS R. Nitrogen oxide removal over hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxides[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology,2016,6(1):49-72.
[69] SHIN H K,HIRABAYASHI H,YAHIRO H,et al. Selective catalytic reduction of NO by ethene in excess oxygen over platinum ion-exchanged MFI zeolites[J]. Catalysis Today,1995,26(1):13-21.
[70] MRAD R,AISSAT A,COUSIN R,et al. Catalysts for NO_x selective catalytic reduction by hydrocarbons (HC-SCR)[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General,2015,504:542-548
[71] RUBERT A A,QUINCOCES C E,MAMEDE A S,et al. Preparation and characterization of Pd-Co/sulfated zirconia catalysts for no selective reduction by methane[J]. Catalysis Communications,2008,9(6):1096-1100.
[72] IWAMOTO M,YAHIRO H. Novel catalytic decomposition and reduction of NO[J]. Catalysis Today,1994,22(1):5-18.
[73] HALASZ I,BRENNER A,NG K Y S,et al. Catalytic activity and selectivity of H-ZSM5 for the reduction of nitric oxide by propane in the presence of oxygen[J]. Journal of Catalysis,1996,161(1):359-372.
[74] PALOMARES A E,FRANCH C,CORMA A. Determining the characteristics of a Co-zeolite to be active for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with hydrocarbons[J]. Catalysis Today,2011,176(1):239-241.
[75] CORMA A,FORNE V,PALOMARES E. Selective catalytic reduction of NO_x on Cu-beta zeolites[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,1997,11(2):233-242.
[76] CHAJAR Z,PRIMET M,PRALIAUD H,et al. Influence of the preparation method on the selective reduction of nitric oxide over Cu-ZSM-5. Nature of the active sites[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,1994,4(2):199-211.
[77] WANG X,CHEN H,SACHTLER W M H. Selective reduction of NO_x with hydrocarbons over Co/MFI prepared by sublimation of CoBr₂ and other methods[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2001,29(1):47-60.
[78] RUGGERI M P,SELLERI T,COLOMBO M,et al. Identification of nitrites/HONO as primary products of NO oxidation over Fe-ZSM-5 and their role in the Standard SCR mechanism:a chemical trapping study[J]. Journal of Catalysis,2014,311:266-270.
[79] WANG Y,ZHU A,ZHANG Y,et al. Catalytic reduction of NO by CO over NiO/CeO₂ catalyst in stoichiometric NO/CO and NO/CO/O₂ reaction[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2008,81(1):141-149.
[80] ARMOR J N. Catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with methane in the presence of excess oxygen:a review[J]. Catalysis Today,1995,26(2):147-158.
[81] REN L,ZHANG T,LIANG D,et al. Effect of addition of Zn on the catalytic activity of a Co/HZSM-5 catalyst for the SCR of NO_x with CH₄[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2002,35(4):317-321.
[82] CHENG X,BI X T. Modeling NO_x Adsorption onto Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts in a fixed bed reactor[J]. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering,2013,11(1):19-30.
[83] TAKAHASHI N SHINJOH H,IIJIMA T,et al. The new concept 3-way catalyst for automotive lean-burn engine:NO_x storage and reduction catalyst[J]. Catalysis Today,1996,27(1):63-69.
[84] YANG T T,BI H T,CHENG X. Effects of O₂,CO₂ and H₂O on NO_x adsorption and selective catalytic reduction over Fe/ZSM-5[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2011,102(1):163-171.
[85] 常晓飞. 常温下 NO_x 高效吸脱附剂的研究[D]. 广州:华东理工大学,2012.
[86] 张振,王涛,马春元,等. 低氧快速热解过程中氧气体积分数对活性焦孔隙结构的影响[J]. 煤炭学报,2014,39(10):2107-2113.
[87] 刘海弟,魏连启,岳仁亮,等. 用于 NO_x 低温下吸附还原的 CoO_x/CeO₂ 二元氧化物的制备[J]. 无机化学学报,2010(5):749-756.
[88] 孙晶,徐铮. 活性炭材料在火电厂烟气脱硫脱硝中的应用[J]. 电力环境保护,2008,24(1):5-7.
[89] YAO X,TANG C,JI Z,et al. Investigation of the physicochemical properties and catalytic activities of Ce_0.67M_0.33O₂ (M= Zr⁴⁺,Ti⁴⁺,Sn⁴⁺) solid solutions for NO removal by CO[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology,2013,3(3):688-698.
[90] SUN C,TANG Y,GAO F,et al. Effects of different manganese precursors as promoters on catalytic performance of CuO-MnO_x/TiO₂ catalysts for NO removal by CO[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2015,17(24):5996-6006
[91] KACIMI M,ZIYAD M,LIOTTA L F. Cu on amorphous AlPO₄:preparation,characterization and catalytic activity in NO reduction by CO in presence of oxygen[J]. Catalysis Today,2015,241:151-158.
[92] YAO X,XIONG Y,ZOU W,et al. Correlation between the physicochemical properties and catalytic performances of Ce_xSn_1-xO₂ mixed oxides for NO reduction by CO[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2014,144:152-165.
[93] GU X R,LI H,LIU L C,et al. Promotional effect of CO pretreatment on CuO/CeO₂ catalyst for catalytic reduction of NO by CO[J]. Journal of Rare Earths,2014,32(2):139-145.
[94] 葛成艳. 负载型铜基催化剂在催化CO还原NO反应中性能的基础研究[D]. 南京:南京大学,2014.
[95] DONG L,ZHANG B,TANG C,et al. Influence of CeO₂ modification on the properties of Fe₂O₃-Ti_0.5Sn_0.5O₂ catalyst for NO reduction by CO[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology,2014,4(2):482-493.
[96] WAN H,LI D,DAI Y,et al. Catalytic behaviors of CuO supported on Mn₂O₃ modified γ-Al₂O₃ for NO reduction by CO[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical,2010,332(1):32-44.
[97] LIU L,CHEN Y,DONG L,et al. Investigation of the NO removal by CO on CuO-CoO_x binary metal oxides supported on Ce_0.67Zr_0.33O₂[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2009,90(1):105-114.
[98] SIMONOT L,MAIRE G. A comparative study of LaCoO₃,CO₃O₄ and a mix of LaCoO₃-Co₃O₄:Ⅱ. Catalytic properties for the CO+ NO reaction[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,1997,11(2):181-191.
[99] MEHANDJIEV D,BEKYAROVA E. Catalytic neutralization of NO on a carbon-supported cobalt oxide catalyst[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,1994,166(2):476-480.
[100] MEHANDJIEV D,KHRISTOVA M,BEKYAROVA E. Conversion of NO on Co-impregnated active carbon catalysts[J]. Carbon,1996,34(6):757-762.
[101] STEGENGA S,VAN S R,KAPTEIJN F,et al. Nitric oxide reduction and carbon monoxide oxidation over carbon-supported copper-chromium catalysts[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,1993,2(4):257-275.
[102] ROSAS J M,RODRÍGUEZ-MIRASOL J,CORDERO T. NO reduction on carbon-supported chromium catalysts[J]. Energy & Fuels,2010,24(6):3321-3328.
[103] CHEN L,LI J,ABLIKIM W,et al. CeO₂-WO₃ mixed oxides for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_xby NH₃ over a wide temperature range[J]. Catalysis Letters,2011,141(12):1859-1864.
[104] 肖建华,李雪辉,徐建昌,等. NO_x储存-还原催化净化技术研究进展[J]. 现代化工,2005,25(8):15-19.
[105] CHANG H,LI J,CHEN X,et al. Effect of Sn on MnO_x-CeO₂ catalyst for SCR of NO_x by ammonia:enhancement of activity and remarkable resistance to SO₂[J]. Catalysis Communications,2012,27:54-57.
[106] KANAZAWA T. Development of hydrocarbon adsorbents,oxygen storage materials for three-way catalysts and NO_x storage-reduction catalyst[J]. Catalysis Today,2004,96(3):171-177.
[107] SHAYMURAT T,TANG Q,TONG Y,et al. Gas dielectric transistor of CuPc single crystalline nanowire for SO₂ detection down to sub-ppm levels at room temperature[J]. Advanced Materials,2013,25(16):2269-2273.
[108] 刘赵穹,马骏,杨锡尧. CO为还原剂同时还原SO₂和NO的SnO₂-TiO₂固溶体催化剂 I. 催化剂的催化性能[J]. 催化学报,2004,25(4):297-301.
[109] XIONG Y,TANG C,YAO X,et al. Effect of metal ions doping (M=Ti⁴⁺,Sn⁴⁺) on the catalytic performance of MnO_x/CeO₂ catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General,2015,495:206-216.
[110] LI K,TANG X,YI H,et al. Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of NO over Mn-Co-Ce-O_x catalyst[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,192:99-104.