化工进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (09): 3467-3471,3494.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2015.09.041

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇    下一篇

陶瓷膜短流程工艺处理重金属废水

刘欢1, 何德文1, 朱佳2   

  1. 1. 中南大学冶金与环境学院环境工程研究所, 湖南 长沙 410083;
    2. 深圳职业技术学院建筑与环境工程学院, 广东 深圳 518055
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-17 修回日期:2015-04-09 出版日期:2015-09-05 发布日期:2015-09-05
  • 通讯作者: 何德文,博士,教授,从事污染控制技术、环境评价与规划研究。E-mail:hedewen@csu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘欢(1991-),女,硕士研究生,从事环境工程污水治理研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(51478274)、深圳市科技创新项目(CXZZ20120618094712259)及深圳市战略性新兴产业发展专项项目。

Treatment of heavy metal wastewater by a short flow ceramic process

LIU Huan1, HE Dewen1, ZHU Jia2   

  1. 1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China;
    2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 510085, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2015-03-17 Revised:2015-04-09 Online:2015-09-05 Published:2015-09-05

摘要: 针对电镀行业重金属废水常规处理方法存在的药剂投加量大、污泥产量多、水质波动影响大等不足,本文提出了一种新工艺-陶瓷膜短流程处理工艺,即废水通过调节pH值使重金属离子形成相应的氢氧化物絮体后,直接进入陶瓷膜组件过滤,同时辅以曝气缓解膜污染。通过实验室小试研究了pH值、重金属质量浓度和曝气量等因素对重金属(Cu2+、Cr3+和Ni2+)去除效果以及陶瓷膜跨膜压差的影响,并进行现场中试验证。试验结果表明:pH=10时,Cu2+、Cr3+和Ni2+的去除率分别达到99.8%、99.7%和99.9%,耐冲击负荷强,原水重金属离子质量浓度为500mg/L时出水也能满足要求。气水体积比值为15时,能在保证出水水质的前提下显著缓解膜污染。该工艺中陶瓷膜的污染主要为可逆污染,可以通过水力反冲洗去除。在pH=10、气水体积比值为15和膜通量为80L/(m2·h)时,现场中试工艺出水中Cu2+、Cr3+和Ni2+的质量浓度分别低于0.15mg/L、0.3mg/L和0.1mg/L,而且跨膜压差保持稳定。

关键词: 重金属, 电镀废水, 陶瓷膜, 超滤, 短流程工艺

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of large dosage of coagulant,large amount of sludge yield,great impacts on fluctuation of water quality,this research proposed the short flow ceramic process. The process included the following two stage:adding alkali in wastewater to turn heavy metal ions into hydroxide precipitate,and filtering wastewater using ceramic membrane within aerating for mitigating membrane fouling. The influencing factors of pH,initial concentration and aeration rate on the system performance were evaluated in laboratory test,and the process was verified in a pilot test. The results showed that at pH=10,the removal rates of Cu2+,Cr3+ and Ni2+ was 99.8%,99.7% and 99.9% respectively,and ceramic membrane was resistant to fluctuation of water quality. Even when the initial concentration of Cu2+,Cr3+and Ni2+ was up to 500mg/L,the effluents of the process can meet national standards. Setting the ratio of aeration volume/influent water volume at 15 can guarantee the quality of effluent,and alleviate membrane fouling. The membrane fouling of the process can be removed by hydraulic flushing. At pH=10,80L/(m2·h) and the ratio of aeration volume/influent water volume =15,the concentration of Cu2+,Cr3+and Ni2+ can be limited to less than 0.15mg/L,0.3mg/L and 0.1mg/L respectively,and TMP (trans-membrane pressure) remains stable.

Key words: heavy metal, electroplation wastewater, ceramic membrane, ultrafiltration, a short flow process

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