The catalysis reactions by gold compounds has appeared as a powerful tool in synthesis. Research on catalysis with gold content has rapidly become a hot topic in chemistry. Gold is shows equally effective as both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. In this review，we attempt to incorporate these two facts to demonstrate this new found and general efficacy of gold in reactions，especially in some important industrial chemical processes. The latest discoveries are placed within a historical context，but the main focus is to highlight the new catalytic possibilities that gold-catalyzed reactions currently offer synthetic chemist，in particular in CO oxidation，water gas shift reaction，hydrogenation，carbonylation，CH bond activation，H₂O₂ synthesis reaction and nucleophilic additions etc. Some aspects of reaction mechanism and applied engineering of these multiphase catalytic reactions have also been reviewed，with about 49 latest references.

Adsorption is one of the most appropriate methods to extract uranium from sea-water. Materials with both good selectivity and high adsorption efficiency would be the best option for uranium extraction. In this review，the recent progress is summarized in terms of preparation process，structure，uranium adsorption properties and adsorption mechanism of those absorbents including organic，inorganic and organic/inorganic hybrid materials. In addition，the structure and adsorption performance of uranium extract set-up are also reviewed. Given the advantages of good strength，high adsorption capacity and low effects caused by coexisting ions，organic/inorganic hybrid material is a desired absorbent. Adsorption by membrane unit is a relative by better process because of its simple and continuous operation. The uranium extraction process with big process load，high uranium adsorption capacity and also high selectivity might be the major research topics in the future.

Biological sulfate reduction is fit for treating sulfate-containing wastewaters. But sulfate rich wastewaters are usually deficient in electron donors. Theoretically，sulfate conversion requires electron donors，and requires external addition of electron donors in order to achieve complete sulfate reduction. In this papers，various electron donors employed in biological sulfate reduction are reviewed. Widely used electron donors include hydrogen，formate，methanol，ethanol，lactate，volatile fatty acids（VFA），sugar，hydrocarbons and organic waste. The selection criteria for suitable electron donors are discussed.

Polysilicon industrial profile were introduced together with the technology of distillation thermally coupled with different pressures. Different pressure thermally coupled distillation for high-purity trichlorosilane was developed to achieve heat integration and process optimization. Top stream from high-pressure column was used as a heat source for the reboiler of the low-pressure column. In order to explain the specific operating parameters of two-column different pressure thermally coupled distillation and corresponding columns，modern chemical simulation software PRO/Ⅱ8.1 was used for optimization design. The results showed that，with this technology，the energy consumption was reduced 50.1% in two-column coupled distillation，and 66.7% in three-column one. The recovery rate of trichlorosilane was 92%. The technology has been successfully industrialized，the existing industrial data showed that the average energy saving was about 40%—60%，at the same time，a large-scale reduction was obtained in equipment investment.

Purification of polyether polyols，ZSN-330，with low unsaturated degree was studied by using ultrafiltration membrane prepared from polyethersulphone（PES）. Crude polyether polyols were used as polyols/hexane miscella in a 1∶1 proportion. The intercepting rate of zinc and cobalt ions were more than 90% and the content of zinc and cobalt ions were less than 1 mg/g among most tests. The double metal cyanide catalysts（DMC）was found in the residue by IR test. The effects of molecular weight cut-off，feed liquid viscosity，operating pressure，flow speed on permeate flux were investigated. The optimal operating condition of ultrafiltration were determined as molecular weight cut-off 150 kDa，diluting by hexane in a 1∶1 proportion，operating pressure 0.5 MPa，flow speed 40 L/h. The contaminated membrane was ultrasonic cleaned by deionized water，2‰ sodium hydroxide solution，hexane，respectively. The one cleaned by 2‰ sodium hydroxide solution，can recover up to 66.4% permeate flux，better than other two solutions.

The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride（Bmin[Cl]）was selected as the solvent to separate azeotropic mixture of acetonitrile-water. Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium data for acetonitrile-water system containing ionic liquid Bmin[Cl] were measured at 0.101 MPa. The azeotropic point of acetonitrile - water can be eliminated by adding ionic liquid Bmin[Cl]，and relative volatility of acetonitrile to water can be increased.  By using the modified Furter equation of the VLE for mixed-solvent electrolyte systems，the parameters of salt-effection of ionic liquid Bmin[Cl] to acetonitrile-water system was correlated.

Isomerization is a key step in ethylene production. In this paper，a mathematical model of the isomerization reactor is established. Simulation shows that the residence time is insufficient and conversion is low，highly coupling preheat and reaction lead to a narrow operation range and poor stability in the isomerization unit. The simulation is consistent with the unit condition. Optimal design of isomerization reactor is carried out by decoupling it to a pre-heater and an isomerization reactor. Optimal design shows that operation stability of the isomerization reactor is significantly enhanced，temperature runaway of reactor is controlled，side reaction is reduced and conversion is improved. And in the new isomerization process，reaction heat can be used to preheat feed stock so as to reduce energy consumption.

Up-converting phosphors（UCPs）can effectively convert longer wavelength radiation into shorter wavelength fluorescence and exhibit application potential in improving the light energy utilization，especially the sunlight with a longer wavelength. In this paper， the research background of the photocatalysis based on UCPs is introduced with TiO₂ as an example，the advances of research on UCPs are summarized，and the mechanism of light energy utilization is presented，including light absorption，light conversion，light transfer，and surface reaction. Meanwhile，the visible-light and near-infrared-driven photocatalysis based on rare-earth UCPs are analyzed in detail，and the mechanism for improving TiO₂ catalytic activity using UCPs and other methods are explained. Additionally，a research approach to improve TiO₂ photocatalytic efficiency by UCPs composite of is presented，and the application perspective of photocatalysis based on upconversion luminescence is discussed as well.

The role of internal electron donor used in Ziegler-Natta catalyst is presented. The internal electron donor can complement each other to get better catalytic performance by compounding. Researches on internal electron donor have been reviewed. Detail introduction is given to the works done by Lyondell Basell company，DOW company，SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry and other research institutes. The future research in this area is also prospected.

ZSM-5 catalysts were modified by the addition of Ga through impregnation and hydrothermal methods respectively. X-ray diffraction（XRD），X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS），temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia（NH₃-TPD）and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）techniques were employed to analyze the property of catalyst. The results show that two methods for Ga addition has little influence on the skeletal structure，pore structure of catalysts and morphology of catalyst particles，but they did have impact on the catalyst acidity. Ga modification by impregnation method has less influence on the surface acidity，and only slightly reduce the number of strong acid sites. Ga introduced by hydrothermal method increases the number of both weak and strong acid sites apparently. The catalytic performance of catalysts for methanol aromatization was studied in a fixed bed reactor. It can be found that the catalytic property of the HZSM-5 modified by Ga through hydrothermal method are better than that of the HZSM-5 modified by Ga through impregnation method. In addition，Ga has a positive effect to suppress the carbon deposition of HZSM-5 in methanol aromatization.

Immobilized ionic liquid catalyst（IL-Ala/SiO₂）was prepared by sol-gel method with L-alanine as raw material and SiO₂ as a supporter. This catalyst was characterized by FTIR, TG, ¹³C NMR, ¹H NMR, XRD and TEM. Catalytic properties were studied in propylene carbonate (PC) hydrolysis. The results show that immobilized ionic liquid catalyst can efficiently catalyze propylene carbonate hydrolysis to produce 1,2-propylene glycol (PG). Reaction occurred under normal pressure, which could avoid a high pressure condition. The conversion rate of PC and the selectivity of PG were greater than 99% when catalyst weight content was 9%, reaction temperature was 140 ℃, and reaction time was 3.5 h. The catalyst could be used at least 5 times through simple separation and its activity only slightly changed.

The structure and properties of the halloysite nanotubes（HNTs）were introduced. More emphasis was put on the advantage of HNTs in comparing with carbon nanotubes. The modifying methods with organic reagents were described. The applications of HNTs in polymer nanocomposites were reviewed．The preparing methods and properties of the nanocomposites with HNTs and polyolefin，polyamide，natural rubber were illustrated emphatically. In addition，the application feasibility of HNTs in foam area was indicated. The direction of future research about HNTs in polymer nanocomposites was pointed out．

Olive structure lithium iron phosphate LiFePO₄ is considered as a promising cathode material for lithium ion power battery due to its high theoretical capacity，high safety，long cycle life，environmental benign and abundant raw material source. However，the instinct drawbacks of olive structure induces a poor rate performance. In this paper，methods for enhancing its rate performance are reviewed，including carbon coating，cation doping，synthesis nanoscale materials and preparing porous materials，etc. Among all the methods，LiFePO₄ microsphere material，assembled by nanoparticles basic structure，displayed high rate performance and high volume energy density，has vast prospection .

The modification of waterborne polyurethane are summarized，including cross-linking modification，acrylate modification，epoxy resin modification，organic silicon modification，organic fluorine modification，nanomaterials modification，hyperbranched prepolymer modification and multi-modification. The methods and advantages of each modification technology are compared. The modification development of waterborne polyurethane is discussed.

Mixed TiO₂ sol and γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in different proportions can increase hydrophilic and mechanical strength of PVDF membrane by phase-inversion. The effects of TiO₂ sol and γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles on pure water flux，retention rate and mechanical properties of UF were discussed. The γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂/PVDF membrane surface and section structure were characterized by SEM，FTIR spectroscopy，X ray diffraction analyzer（XRD）. In addition，membrane mechanical properties and hydrophilicity were tested by tensile tester，contact angle goniometer. Membrane performance reached optimal when the γ-Al₂O₃/TiO₂ mixed was 1∶2，with porosity 74%，flux 120 L/(m²·h)，retention rate 93%，tensile strength maximum loading 35N and tensile strain 22%.

Three kinds of O-quaternary ammonium-N,N-dialkyl chitosan（QADCS）with different alkylation lengths were prepared by a self-developed quaternary ammonium reagent，glycidyl ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride ether. The products were characterized by FTIR，EA and ¹H NMR. The monolayers of the synthetic products were studied. It shows that QADCS can form stable monolayers. The collapse pressure（π_c），limiting molecular area（A_ex）and maximum compressibility modulus（C_s^－1_,max）of the QADCS monolayers increase with the hydrophobic side-chain length，and the monolayer of O-quaternized ammonium-N,N-dilalkyl chitosan is the most cohesive. The research provides a basis for studying the self-assembly properties and drug-loading performances of QADCS.

Microencapsulated phase change materials with 30^# paraffin as core material and melamine resin as capsule material were prepared by in-situ polymerization and were added to gypsum boards. The morphology，chemical structure and thermal performance of microcapsules were characterized by SEM，FTIR，DSC and TG methods，and the performance of gypsum board for energy storage was tested. The results showed that：paraffin content in the microcapsules was about 50.4%，and the phase transition temperature and enthalpy values were 30 ℃ and 108.7 J/g respectively. The microcapsule appearance is a smooth protruding surface，and particle sizes were between 10—20 μm. Microcapsules with good structure and thermal stability can enhance the energy storage performance of gypsum board.

To obtain well-defined structures of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) based monomer and its hyperbranehed polymer (HBP), a modified α-CD molecule with one electron-rich alkene and many electron-poor acrylates was first prepared through the esterification reaction between mono-ester undecylenic acid-α-CD and acrylic acid. It was then utilized as an AB_n-type monomer for subsequent ADMET polymerization between alkene and acrylate using the second generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst in homogeneous water/organic [D₂O/(CD₃)₂CO] mixtures via acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization. A novel cyclodextrin-based HBP was obtained in prolonged reaction time. The monomer and HBP were characterized by NMR, elemental analysis, FTIR, and MALDI-TOF MS measurements. It was found that the actual molecular structures of both monomer and polymer were identical with the designed structures. The produced polymers have molecular weights within 13.2 and 56.3 kDa, and their polydispersity indices range from 2.78 to 2.63 by multiangle laser light scattering-gel permeation chromatography. The degree of branching was determined by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and the values ranges from 0.41 to 0.52.

A blend of polycarbonate（PC）/polyethylene terephthalate glycol（PETG）was prepared in a twin-screw extruder by melt blending. The melt index was measured. The complex viscosity was studied at different shear rates，temperatures and compositions. The results show that the introduction of PETG enhances the PC processing and rheological property significantly，PC / PETG blend appears a typical non-Newtonian fluid behavior with the performance of shear-thinning phenomenon，the complex viscosity decreases with temperature increasing，and blend viscosity decreases with the increase of PETG content.

Boron-doped diamond thin-film electrode was modified by the electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium salt to attach aminophenyl group. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）indicates the presence of N1s at the surface of electrode. By analyzing the peaks centered at 406 eV and 400 eV，XPS also suggests that nitrophenyl groups are electrochemically reduced to aminophenyl groups. The aminophenyl layer attached onto diamond thin-film electrode was demonstrated by comparing the voltammetric profiles of the Fe(CN)₆^－3/－4 redox couple at the electrode. The electrochemical behaviors of modified electrode were detected by differential pulse voltammetry（DPV）and cyclic voltammetry. The DPV for simultaneous determination of dopamine and ascorbic acid shows well-separated oxidation peaks with the potential difference about 0.3 V. The plasma protein adsorption at the surface modified electrode blocks electron transfer of Fe(CN)₆^－3/－4 redox couple. However，it does not affect the detection of dopamine.

In this paper，the rod-like calcium carbonate particles were prepared by a bubbling method. The particles with uniform granularity were gathered by cube particles when PEG was used as the organic matrix in the reaction. The results revealed that the morphology and size of the rod-like calcium carbonate were controlled by PEG. The best condition was studied by reaction temperature and the dosage of PEG. At the same time，the product structure and properties were characterized by FESEM，TEM，XRD，FTIR and size distribution.

Fermentative production of butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum using dry powder of corn steep water（DCSW）was investigated to reduce production cost. In a batch-scale fermentation，11.21 g/L of butanol were produced by Clostridium acetobutylicum from an optimized 50g/L glucose-2.5 g/L DCSW，and 17.57 g/L of total solvents（acetone，butanol，and ethanol）was obtained. Initial fermentation in small-scale flasks with 30 g/L glucose+20 g/L xylose-2.5 g/L DCSW medium yielded 11.10 g/L of butanol and 16.83 g/L of total solvents. DCSW can serve as an economic source of nitrogen，vitamins，amino acids，minerals，and other nutrients for cellulosic biofuel butanol.

A preparation method of high purity S-β-naphthyl alcohol with chemical-enzymatic process was reported. S-β-naphthyl alcohol was obtained with the kinetic resolution of rac-β-naphthyl alcohol（hydrogenized from β-naphthyl ketone），with an e.e. value near 100%. Several influence factors on the enzymatic resolution process were studied，and the optimized operation arguments were determined.

Horseradish peroxidase（HRP）was immobilized on the surface of chitosan via glutaraldehyde crosslinking. Then a graft copolymer of degraded starch and acrylamide was synthesized by the initiation of enzyme catalysis system composed of chitosan-immobilized HRP/H₂O₂/acetylacetone（ACAC）. The structure of the copolymer was analyzed by FTIR，UV，NMR and SEM. The results indicated that polyacrylamide（PAM）was successfully grafted onto the degraded starch. Then，the copolymer was applied as a retanning agent. The applied results showed that the retanned leather had the merits of softness，good dispersion of fiber and strong selecting filling properties.

Rhodococcus sp. CCZU10-1 has been isolated from soil samples with high nitrilase activity against 3-cyanopyridine using the enrichment culture technique. The preferred carbon sources，nitrogen sources，and inducer were glucose（10 g/L），a composite of peptone（10 g/L）and yeast extract（5 g/L），and ε-caprolactam（2.0 mmol/L），respectively. The optimal reaction temperature and pH for 3-cyanopyridine-hydrolyzing activity were 30 ℃ and pH 7.0，respectively. Using fed-batch method，a total of 927 mmol/L nicotinic acid has been accumulated in the reaction mixture after the 10th feed.

Low specific activity，high enzymatic loading and easy acitivity losing of cellulose enzyme have become bottlenecks for bioprocessing the lignocellulosic biomass into bioenergy and bioproducts. In this work，non-ionic surfactants were added to reduce the enzymatic loadings. Its effect on the hydrolysis of lignocelluloses was also studied. Experimental results showed that the non-ionic surfactant helped to enhance the hydrolysis of lignocellulose with 0.5% addition. With the addition of Tween-80 and PEG6000，Glucose produced from enzymatic hydrolysis of atmospheric glycerol pretreated wheat straw increased approximately 20%. The non-ionic surfactant also had a positive impact on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass with less lignin and even no lignin. The glucose outputs from the filter paper and avicel increased almost by 90% and 70%—80%，respectively. The addition of non-ionic surfactants provided a higher diffusion coefficient k for enzymatic hydrolysis system，increased reaction efficiency in heterogeneous phase，and made a significantly lower K_m in enzymatic reaction dynamics，therefore remarkably enhanced the affinity of substrates on cellulase.

As a food preservative，chitosan are becoming a hot research topic all over the world because of its good performance on filming process，strong antibacterial capabilities，wide range of natural resource，toxic-free of side effects，and easy coating. The preservation applications and future prospects of chitosan complex in food industry are summarized，such as chitosan-organic acid complex，chitosan-vitamin C complex，chitosan iodide-starch film，chitosan-nanomaterial complex，chitosan-calcium chloride-citric acid-whey protein complex，calcium-chitosan-SH complex，chitosan-rare earth elements complex.

Taking oleic acid as the raw material，a trimeric quaternary ammonium surfactant 18:1-2-18:1-2-18:1 with oleyl chains（cis-octadec-9-ene）and short spacers was synthesized with the assistance of microwaves. The surfactant shows a strong tendency of aggregation with the critical micelle concentration of 3.34 μmol/L. The micelle ionization degree is 0.26. The solution of 18:1-2-18:1-2-18:1 can be gelated at a surfactant concentration of 5.2%，showing a strong viscoelasticity.

Microwave radiation was applied to synthesize polyether modified polysiloxane from methyl hydrogen silicone and capped polyether. Product structure was analyzed and identified by IR spectrometry. The optimal reaction condition was obtained by even design method as radiation power of 650 W，the molar ratio of polyether and silicone of 1.1∶1，amount of catalyst 15 mg/kg，temperature of 100 ℃ and 30 min microwave radiation. Under the optimal condition，the average conversion rate was 96.8%. Polyether modified polysiloxane was used to prepare defoamer emulsion and the antifoaming performance was investigated. The results showed the defoamer functions from room temperature to 98 ℃，and from acidity to alkalescence conditions.

A new analysis method for determination of O,O-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate by GC with Ethyl benzoate as internal standard was established. The results were obtained as the linear regression equation of y=0.6837x+0.0186，with correlation coefficient r=0.9994. Recovery rate reached 96.28%，and RSD was about 1.09%. This method was suitable for quality test of O,O-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate with its simplicity，accuracy and reliability.

With self-prepared SO₄^2-/TiO₂-Al₂O₃ solid super-acid as the catalyst，dipentaerythritol and fatty acid were esterified to dipentaerythritol hexa-esters. Effects of factors，such as molar ratio of fatty acid to dipentaerythritol，the dosage of catalyst，reaction temperature and reaction time on the results of esterification were investigated. The optimal condition was determined as n(fatty acid)∶n(dipentaerythritol)=6.5∶1，the dosage of the catalyst w=0.060% of total mass of the reactants，reaction time 6 h and reaction temperature 210 ℃. SO₄^2－/TiO₂-Al₂O₃ solid superacid shows good catalytic activity and high reaction selectivity in the process of dipentaerythritol hexa-esters synthesis. The esterifying conversion is above 98%，and the catalyst can be repeatedly used for eight times without significant declining of its catalytic activity. The reaction products were characterized by the FTIR.

Levothyroxine sodium was synthesized from L-tyrosine as raw material by six-step reactions. The catalyst in the key step of coupling reaction was improved. Some factors of coupling reaction were analyzed including the effect of amount catalyst，solvent amount，reaction temperature and reaction time. Under the optimal reaction conditions，the yield of coupling reaction could reached up to 60.5%，which was about 18.5% higher than before，the total yield of levothyroxine sodium could reached up to 22.5%，which was about 11.1% higher than before.

The traditional treatment techniques for chlorinated organics contamination are reviewed. The preparation methods of nano-iron are briefly introduced. The latest research progress nano-iron modification employed physical assistant methods，chemical additive methods and stabilizer fixed methods are emphatically summarized. The removal efficiency and influencing factors are analyzed. The existing problems and the development trends of nano-iron for environmental remediation technologies are predicted.

The operable factors, including concentration/gas velocity of target, light transmission, relative humidity and reactor types of the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of VOCs, were discussed in this paper. The photocatalysis and photocatalytic degradation kinetics/mechanisms were described, and its limitation in both photon transfer and mass transfer were included. The important issues in future design and research was prospected.

Activated carbon fibers，as a new and more efficient adsorption material，have a wide application prospect. In this paper，modified activated carbon fibers were reviewed on desulfurization，denitration，and current situation of activated carbon fibers was introduced in removing carbon dioxide，SO_x and NO_x simultaneously in coal-combustion gases. It provides the reference informations for simultaneously removing of SO_x ，CO₂ and NO_x  and modified absorption. Activated carbon fibers for the removing of SO_x，CO₂ and NO_x in coal gas were perspected.

Honeycomb-cinder was modified by calcium hydroxide. The powder X ray diffraction spectrum（XRD）was applied to characterize the material compositions of the cinder before and after the modification. A study was conducted regarding the adsorption performances of modified honeycomb-cinder on Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption in simulated chromium-containing waste water. The influence of absorbent dosage，adsorption time，pH，stirring speed，temperature，initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) ion on adsorption had been investigated. Optimized conditions for adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) were achieved as absorbent dosage 40 g/L，room temperature，stirring speed 150 r/min，adsorption time 40 min，and initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) 30 mg/L. Under the optimized condition，removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) can reach 98.84%. Modified cinder absorbent had a good adsorption capacity for Cr(Ⅵ). The adsorption reaction was consistent with the second order kinetic equation and the adsorption process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption by the modified honeycomb-cinder from the waste water was the joint function result of cinder components and new molecular sieve components.

A laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor（MBR）was operated for 100 days with complete sludge retention in order to investigate the filterability of mixed liquor. Soluble microbial products（SMP），molecular weight（M_w）distributions of SMP，proteins and carbohydrates in the extracellular polymeric substances（EPS）were periodically monitored. A modified fouling index（MFI）was used to investigate the filterability of mixed sludge. It is closely related to the mixed liquor suspended solids（MLSS），SMP and EPS. The results showed that the MFI increased rapidly after 30 days of operation，which indicated that the long term operation of a MBR with no sludge discharge had a negative influence on the filterability of mixed sludge. The concentration of SMP，especially the SMP with M_w>10 kDa，was positively correlated to the filterability of mixed sludge. MLSS concentration had a complex interaction with the filterability of mixed sludge in MBR，and the existence of a threshold above which the MLSS concentration had a influence on the filterability of mixed sludge were also found. The protein fractions in the EPS were biodegradable and available for microorganism metabolism after about 60 days. Test results demonstrated that carbohydrates in the EPS had a negative effect on the filterability of mixed sludge.

Immobilized microorganism was prepared by adsorption method，by choosing thirteen kinds of natural materials（eight organic carriers and five inorganic carriers），including YJ-5，YJ-6，YJ-7，YJ-8，WJ-1，WJ-4 and WJ-5，as immobilized carrier，and crude oil from Shengli oil field as response substance. The oil degradation performance of immobilized microbial prepared by each material was tested and the materials with better performance were characterized. The results showed that YJ-5 is the best immobilized material and followed by YJ-7，and the best inorganic carrier was WJ-1. Both bacteria adsorption amount and oil degradation rate were considered to determine the optimal preparation condition of YJ-5 immobilized microorganism，which were carrier amount 10mL，inoculation content 20%，immobilized time 15 h，temperature 30 ℃ and rotate speed 160r/min. Under this condition，the seven days oil degradation rate reached 61%，which is 40% higher than that with free bacteria. The specific surface area and pore distribution（BET）indicated that there was only simple mesoporous structure in YJ-7，YJ-5 and WJ-1. Scanning electrometry microscopy（SEM）results showed that there were mainly cylindrical holes in YJ-5，it immobilized bacteria through surface adsorption，its carrier structure would get loose and bacteria shed after degradation.

Monoethanolamine（MEA）aqueous is the most often used absorbent for removing carbon dioxide（CO₂）from fuel gas in industry. Improving the performances of MEA aqueous is one of the key problems for the CO₂ removal. In this paper，the absorption and regeneration performances of MEA，three kinds of tertiary amine aqueous，including N,N-diethylethanolamine ethanol（DEAE），N,N- dimethylethanolamine（DMAE）and N-methyldiethanolamine（MDEA），and the blends of MEA with three tertiary（MEA/tertiary amine）were studied. The results showed that the regeneration capacity of three blends were much better than that of MEA. However，the absorption rate of MEA/tertiary amine was lower than that of MEA. The interaction effects between MEA and tertiary amines during absorption and regeneration process were quite different. The interaction effects depended on the tertiary amine and the type absorption/regeneration time. MDEA had the strongest interaction effect with MEA among theses four tertiary amines. MEA/MDEA is a better absorbent for CO₂ removing.

For the continuity production of glyphosate’s synthesis and filtration，a unit was developed，which can conduct mixing，reaction，filtration，cake drying，washing，bubble transport（row cake）and other steps together within a compact space. Key technologies for unit implementation were proposed，including design specifications，equipment design，work processes，the main technical characteristics，technical and economic indicators. The unit is of simplicity，high efficiency，high filtration precision，high degree of automation and less environmental pollution，etc.

Based on the industrial metabolic analysis on chlorine element in the process of polyurethane intermediate production，a thought of chlorine recycle was proposed，in which chloride was obtained by catalytic oxidation of hydrogen chloride. An eco-industry mode of chlorine recycle，salinity wastewater，phosgene and other by-products in the process of polyurethane intermediate production was mapped out by applying the principles of system engineering and eco-industry. The industrial metabolic situation of chlorine element in this mode was analyzed. The implementation of the eco-industry mode is put forward at the end of this paper.

The flue gas desulphurization by ammonia method has high desulphurization efficiency，gives no secondary pollution and also provides good utilization of by-products. However，the ammonia loss and oxidation of ammonium sulfite have limited its applications for a long time. For the considerations of both equipment and technology，a multifunctional desulphurization tower targeting the problems has above been developed. A system with this new tower as a key element has been operated for three years for the desulphurization of a 260 t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler. The results shows that desulphurization rate of this system can reach to 95%—99%. The SO₂ content in the exhaust gas is between 50—190 mg/m³. The quality of by-product ammonium sulfite meets the national standard.