Cellulose, the most abundant natural renewable resources on the earth, has been considered as the main raw material for future energy and chemical industry. However, due to its high degree of polymerization and crystalline index, cellulose is extremely difficult to dissolve in conventional solvents, which greatly limits its application. More recently, many new cellulose solvents have been developed to overcome this problem. This paper briefly introduces a series of regenerated cellulose membranes and functional organic/inorganic regenerated cellulose composite membranes with these new cellulose solvents. It has been found that the properties of those cellulose composites, such as the porosity, thermal stability and mechanical properties are significantly improved, giving them promising applications in packaging, wastewater treatment, sensors, biological medicine, etc. The latest research progress of regenerated cellulose membranes and functional regenerated cellulose composites is summarized in this paper. Finally, the trends on developing cellulose solvents and functional regenerated cellulose materials are proposed to provide a guide for cellulose dissolution and new functional regenerated cellulose-based composites.

For the sustainable development in resources and energy,the designers should not only consider economy,but also flexibility,reliability,operability and environmental impact in the synthesis of heat exchanger networks(HENs). Multi-objective synthesis of HENs has got preliminary progress and drawn great attention. This paper illustrates the necessity of multi-objective synthesis of HENs and summarizes the research progress on multi-objective synthesis of HENs. The summary and comparison of the algorithms for solving multi-objective optimization problems were mainly focused. Application in multi-objective synthesis of HENs was reviewed. Research shows that traditional multi-objective algorithms are less suitable for solving the problems of complex superstructure. However,multi-objective evolutionary algorithms can solve multi-objective problems better in the synthesis of HENs. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-Ⅱ) is one of the most popular and effective applied algorithms. It was proposed that based on superstructure,establishing multi-objective models which involve economy,flexibility,reliability,operability and environmental impact and then present the decision makers with Pareto optimum solutions is the future of HEN synthesis.

Fouling resistance affects normal operation of heat exchanger network(HEN). The present paper introduced the HEN margin designs and the HEN optimal design by considering fouling resistance. Some methods on cleaning time or optimal cleaning cycles for heat exchangers or synthesis of heat exchanger networks with flexibility and controllability were summarized. However,these HEN designs were obtained when HEN was in the worst conditions,so it is generally not optimal. This paper proposes the synthesis of multi-pass heat exchanger network based on life cycle saving by considered the existing HEN design methods and the slow time-­varying and continuous features of fouling. Finally,the optimal HEN results of accumulative total cost were obtained.

The hydrolysis of titanium complexes has seriously limited their applications. Their hydrolytic characteristic was closely related to the antitumor activity. Therefore,it was necessary to use proper testing methods to evaluate the hydrolytic behavior of titanium complexes. This article introduced a series of methods for investigating the hydrolysis of titanium complexes,including UV-Vis,¹H NMR,X-ray crystallography,potentiometric analysis,conductivity method,and quantum chemistry computations. The strength and shortcomings of those methods were analyzed and compared. It was also described that the methods contributed to the investigations on the hydrolytic kinetic of titanium complexes,which could promote the progress of titanium complexes on medical and chemical industry.

A comprehensive evaluation criterion combined economic performance and exergy efficiency has been used for the working fluids optimization of organic Rankine cycle (ORC). The objective function of economic performance is defined as the ratio of the required heat exchanger area to the total output power,and the comprehensive evaluation function is the weighted sum of the objective function of economic performance and the exergy efficiency. In the calculation,the heat source of the ORC system is 95℃ geothermal water,and the heat inputs are identical. The working fluid used in the system is varied and the evaporating temperature or condensing temperature is changed in each calculation process. The objective function values and the exergy efficiency are calculated and then the comprehensive evaluation function values of them become available. The results show that from the point of view of economic performance,each system has an optimum evaporation temperature. The economic performance rises with the decrease of condensing temperature and the relation between them is quadratic. In the ranges of evaporating temperature and condensing temperature,R113 and R245ca present better economic performance than other work fluids while the exergy efficiency of R161 is highest. The comprehensive evaluation function shows that the R161 has the best working performance.

The gasification technology is an efficient way to process inferior crude oil,unconventional oil and coal with lower emissions,and numerical simuation is an important method to reveal the complex flow and reaction behavior in the gasifier. In order to evaluate the influence of volatile reaction pathway and particle reaction heat absorption ratio,the Orimulsion gasification process in an entrained-flow gasifier was simulated with Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The homogenous reactions and heterogeneous reactions were described by the finite-rate/eddy-dissipation model and particle surface reaction model,respectively. The simulation results demonstrate that the reaction pathway of volatile mainly affects temperature and species distributions in the near-nozzle region,while those at the outlet of the gasifier change only slightly. However,the effect of particle heat absorption ratio is almost negligible due to the lower amount of fixed carbon in the Orimulsion and the small reaction heat of coke combustion.

Domestic LNG receiving terminal lack of cooling speed control experience. In order to prevent damage caused by cryogenic LNG suddenly flowing into unloading pipeline,verification of the effect of the pre-cooling operation procedure must be carried out before pre-cooling operation. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based analysis method is proposed in this paper. A 3D CFD model is built based on a domestic LNG receiving terminal project pre-cooling procedure,and dynamic simulation is carried out for checking the pre-cooling process. The cooling rate of LNG unloading pipe can be maintained within 10℃/h,and meet the pre-cooling safety requirement. The CFD calculation results are compared with actual measurements on site. The accuracy of numerical simulation for pre-cooling could be within 7% of test data. which proves that CFD calculation method can be used in confirming the rationality of LNG receiving terminal's pre-cooling procedure and checking calculation.

Coke is the main by-product of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process. It is of great significance to predict coke yield accurately to enhance stability and economic performance of FCC plant. Artificial neural network (ANN) has a strong self-learning and adaptive ability,and has obvious advantages in nonlinear forecasting. In this paper,a new model combining BP neural network and genetic algorithm (GA) was developed to predict coke yield by choosing 28 key parameters involving feedstock properties,catalyst properties and operating conditions of industrial data of FCC unit,The prediction results obtained from BP neural network and the genetic algorithm optimized BP neural network (GA-BP) were compared. The GA-BP model had a better result in both accuracy and stability. Furthermore,the influence of key parameters,such as reaction temperature,feedstock carbon residue on coke yield was investigated,which further proved the accuracy of BP neural network model optimized by genetic algorithm.

The cyclones have been widely used in various industrial fields because of the advantages of simple structure,convenient installation and operation. Since they have been used till now,the problem of attrition has not been solved. Although there are a lot of researches on the wear-resisting materials,the cyclones attrition problems still exist. In order to improve the wear resistance of solid-liquid cyclones,prolong the service life of cyclone,a wear-resisting cyclone with the ring seam liner was proposed. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD),the attrition of the cyclone was simulated using the Reynolds model and discrete phase model in ANSYS software. The simulation values of the cyclone with ring seam liner and ordinary cyclone were compared. Finally,the accuracy of the simulation was verified by wearing experiments. The results showed that the main attrition located on the entrance,connection area of the cone and cylinder,and near the underflow port of the cyclone. The rate of erosion on the surface of the cyclone wall is reduced greatly due to existence of ring seam. At the same time,the attrition on the ring seam liner has also been reduced because the concentration of the slurry is getting lower due to the relative larger particles going to the range between the ring and the cyclone wall.

Water storage tank is widely applied in solar heating systems and domestic electrical water heaters. It is one of the key points which determine the performance of the system and the heater. A better stratification can improve the efficiency of solar heating system and the discharge amount of hot water in electrical water heaters. A new stratifier was designed and installed at the bottom of a cylindrical water storage tank. The test rig was established to measure the stratification characteristics of the tank. The initial temperature of the water in the tank is 50℃,the inlet temperature of the water is 20℃,the flow rate is 0.69L/min,2.14L/min,6.17L/min,respectively. The results showed that,when the larger the flow rate is,the larger is the slope of the sudden change in temperature curves,and the speed of temperature decrease is faster. Based on the thermodynamic laws,extraction efficiency,discharge efficiency and exergy efficiency were used to describe the stratification characteristics of the tank. The results showed that,when the flow rate is 0.69L/min,2.14L/min,6.17L/min,the extraction efficiency is 91.8%,95.7%,94.3%,the discharge efficiency is 96.6%,98.6%,97.5%,the exergy efficiency is 78.5%,83.1%,77.0%.

In order to study the effect of internal heat exchanger on two-stage compression and cascade compression refrigeration system,R404A two-stage compression refrigeration system and R404A/R23 cascade compression refrigeration system were taken as examples. Through exergy analysis and establishment of two kinds of refrigeration systems thermodynamic model,the compressor discharge temperature,cooling capacity per unit mass,refrigerant mass flow,system COP,total system exergy loss and exergy efficiency of the regenerator were analyzed. In the two-stage compression refrigeration system,when thermal efficiency was between 0.1 and 0.9,system COP increased by 4.0%,leading to a reduction in total loss of 9.6 percent exergy system and the system exergy efficiency could increase by 7.1%. In the cascade compression refrigeration system,system COP and exergy efficiency of the system increased with increasing high-temperature regenerator efficiency and decreased with decreasing low-level heat recovery efficiency. The total loss of exergy systems decreased with increasing high temperature level regenerator efficiency and increased with increasing low-level heat recovery efficiency.

In chemical process control,the flow rate is usually set as the minor loop of cascade control for the other more important controlled variables such as temperature,liquid level and material component. At the same time,the flow rate is often the manipulated variable of model predictive control(MPC). In view of the implementation dilemma of downloading the manipulated variable of MPC while the flow rate control is set as minor loop of cascade control,two implementation methods of MPC were proposed. Firstly,the output of MPC is downloaded to the set-point of major loop through an one order inertia object. Secondly,the transfer function of flow rate to controlled variable of major loop is embedded into the predictive model of MPC. The control of the Shell heavy oil fractionator's benchmark problem has proved the feasibility of the two methods. They are simple in theory and easy to implement for commercial processes.

Due to the ash has an inhibitory effect on activity of oxygen carrier in coal-fueled CLC(chemical looping combustion) technology,a new method of separating oxygen carrier and ash respectively by double-stage cyclone separator was proposed in this paper. The RSM(SSG) turbulence model and the particle stochastic trajectory model were both adopted,and the phase coupling was also considered. The numerical simulation was carried out for optimizing the double-stage cyclone separator in CLC facility. According to the simulation result,the size and structure of separator inlet was mainly analyzed and optimized,and the separation performance was verified by experiments. The simulation and experimental results of final optimization model both showed that more than 90% of CaSO₄ oxygen carriers return to furnace from dust removal port of first stage separator. The CaSO₄ loss rate was reduced. About 50% of ash particles were separated from dust removal port of second stage separator,only about 13% with the air discharge from the exhaust port. Dust-returning rate was effectively reduced and the clean exhaust gas was relatively released. The results are significant to the efficient operation of coal-fueled CLC facility.

The separation process of an ethylene plant should be operated at low temperature. Therefore,a compression refrigeration system is needed to provide refrigerant. A ternary refrigeration system can provide a continuous cooling curve matching very well with the process stream cooling curve,and has higher thermodynamic efficiency,lower energy consumption than a cascaded refrigerant system. In order to analyze the energy saving potential of a ternary refrigeration system,in this paper,the ternary refrigerant system in a certain ethylene plant was analyzed by exergy analysis. From the exergy grand composite curve(EGCC),it could be found that the refrigerant configuration of the ternary refrigeration system was reasonable and the total exergy loss was small. The system is classified into four sub-systems:heat exchanger,compressor,throttle valve and flash drum sub-systems. The results of exergy losses show that the total exergy loss of the ternary refrigeration system is 24238.1kW,about 90% of which concentrates on the heat exchanger and compressor sub-systems. Furthermore,the exergy losses are divided into avoidable and inevitable exergy losses,in which the total inevitable exergy loss is 13539.9kW,and the total avoidable exergy loss is 10698.2kW. The work for energy conservation should focus on reducing the avoidable exergy loss.

The recovery unit for solvent and 1,3-butadiene is an important part of the nickel butadiene rubber production process and the energy consumption accounts for about 40% of that for the entire process. Therefore,it is the key process for improving the energy performance of the butadiene rubber production process. Raffinate oil was used as reaction solvent in a certain petrochemical enterprise with a six- column process as the recycling process before,and then the solvent was replaced by hexane solvent in order to save energy. The process was modified,such as reducing the reflux ratio of de-heavy oil column and collecting some bottom product of the recovered oil dehydration column directly. The solvent oil in the recovery unit of the considered petrochemical enterprise is replaced from raffinate oil to solvent hexane oil,and the corresponding technical retrofits have also been made. On the basis of the actual industrial data,the simulation models for this process before and after the retrofits are established via Aspen Hysys,and the results are compared with the actual data to prove the veracity. In the case of product quality in line with the production targets,comparing the separation performance and energy consumption,the results indicate that the energy consumption of the process is reduced by 15.25% after the retrofits,which shows a very significant energy-saving effect,and the reductions of energy consumption in the recovered oil dehydration column and de-heavy oil column are most obvious.

In renewable energy power generation and electric vehicle technology,the development of high energy density,safe,reliable and pollution-free zinc-air batteries is of important social and economic value. However,some problems of zinc anode has seriously hindered its application. Therefore,this paper systematically reviews the progress on corrosion,dendrite formation,shape change and passivation of zinc anode. The inhibition effects of inorganic corrosion inhibitors,organic corrosion inhibitors and mixed corrosion inhibitors on hydrogen evolution are introduced,and the effects of additives,separators and operating conditions on the formation and growth of dendrite are discussed. The mechanism of shape change and the common solutions are reviewed,and the causes of passivation and its effects are described briefly. The analysis shows that the electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries have more market prospects than the primary ones. Also,the inhibition of hydrogen corrosion is still the focus toward zinc anode studies in the future,and improving the capacity and power stability during cycling is the key to the practical application.

This paper summarizes the degradation mechanisms and hydrolysis products of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignocellulosic biomass materials under hydrothermal liquefaction conditions. Cellulose and hemicellulose degrade to monosaccharides,and then to acids,aldehydes and ketones. The hydrothermal liquefaction products of lignin contain a lot of phenolic compounds. Hydrothermal liquefaction of specific lignocellulosic biomass is more complex,and different lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks lead to different bio-oil yield by hydrothermal liquefaction. Key factors determining the hydrolysis behavior in hydrothermal liquefaction are also discussed,including biomass type,catalyst,temperature,pressure,and reaction time on the yield and the distribution of products. Future research prospects to further improve the technology are discussed. It is pointed out that developing mathematical model of the hydrothermal decomposition,designing the suitable reactor,and selecting appropriate catalysts will be the directions of engineering experiments in the future.

The glycerol and other by-product component from the production of biodiesel by homogeneous base catalysis are introduced. The whole purification process of glycerol produced from the biodiesel is concluded and the changes of the components in the biodiesel by-products during purification are studied. Meanwhile,the main factors (the categories and dosage of dilute,acid species and pH value) which influence the glycerol purification from by-products are analyzed. It is recommended that the combined processes “pretreatment & the purification of crude glycerol” are suitable to generate high purity glycerol,and methanol is often used as diluents for the separation of glycerol from other components under acid condition within the pH of 2.5—4.0(adjusted by phosphoric acid).Then high-purity glycerol can be finally obtained through a series of processes such as vacuum distillation,ion exchange,membrane separation,extraction and molecular distillation followed by decolorization with activated carbon.

Lignite dewatering based on recovery of water and heat can significantly reduce water and energy consumption in the drying unit. The existence states of water in lignite are introduced,and the advances in recovery and utilization of water and heat from lignite dewatering are reviewed. Specially,drying technologies in the light of drying with flue gas,drying in fluidized bed with steam,microwave drying and mechanical/thermal pressurizing are presented. The principle for selection of lignite dewatering process and water recovery system is discussed. During recovery of water resource,considerations of lignite dewatering process,drying temperature,drying medium,heat recovery technology,and linkages of various processes should also be included. The process,which integrates heat exchangeand water purification into lignite dewatering would be a promising research and application topic in the future.

This paper discusses different amounts of coal tar pitch tetrahydrofuran extracts (THFS) for petroleum asphalt modification. With the increase of added amount of THFS,penetration of modified asphalt decreases,softening point increases,and ductility decreases. Referring to British Standards (BSI BS-3690),optimum dosage is 8%. TG-FTIR and FTIR characterization indicates that mass losses of THFS and modified asphalt are higher than that of base asphalt 70 Transmission peak intensity of THFS at 700～900cm^-1 (aromatic hydrocarbons) is significantly stronger than that of asphalt and modified asphalt. Transmission peaks of asphalt after aging at 2953cm^-1 and 1377cm^-1 (—CH₃),1461cm^-1 and 2924cm^-1 (—CH₂—) gradually increase. Transmission peak at 1600cm^-1 (C=O and benzene ring C=C) gradually increases. Pyrolysis residue of asphalt has less content of aliphatic hydrocarbon,while higher content of condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Oxidation,pyrolysis,addition,polymerization,and condensation mainly occur during asphalt aging.

Asymmetric hydrogenation has the advantage of cleanliness,perfect atom economy,and is one of the hottest methods of asymmetric synthesis. The asymmetric hydrogenation in C=C,C=O,C=N are still primarily dependent on the use of transition metal catalysts. The study of transition metal catalysts,especially the asymmetric hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bond catalyzed by rhodium catalysts is still an evolving field. In the present review,the progress on asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins catalyzed by rhodium catalysts are described,including the catalytic mechanism of rhodium-diphosphine ligand catalyst system,the application of asymmetric hydrogenation of enamines,unsaturated carboxylic acids and their derivatives,enol ester as well as unfunctionalized olefins catalyzed by rhodium catalysts. The development trend of rhodium catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins was pointed out. For instance:① the catalytic mechanism of asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins by rhodium-monophosphine ligand needs to be understood; ② more chiral ligands for asymmetric hydrogenation of unfunctionalized olefins are still wanted.

Rare earth elements have unique valence electron configuration,with which the solid catalysts will have special chemical structures and catalytic performance. In this paper,the types and characteristics of rare earth-based solid acid and alkali catalysts were reviewed. Moreover,the employment of rare earth-based solid acid and alkali catalysts in the esterification,tranesterfication and simultaneous esterification and transesterification reaction were introduced and analyzed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of rare earth solid acid and alkali catalysts were compared. The internal reason why different kinds of rare earth solid acid and alkali catalysts have different catalytic activity and stability were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the catalytic reaction mechanism of rare earth oxides. Solid acid catalyst has become the new trend in the synthesis of biodiesel when chemical catalytic synthesis method was adopted. It is an important research direction to prepare a solid acid catalyst with high activity and stability by doping of rare earth elements in the future.

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds(CVOCs) is a class of important air pollutants and catalytic combustion is a mainstream processing technology in efficiently reducing CVOCs' emission,but that chlorine is easily adsorbed on the catalyst surface has resulted in the deactivation of the catalyst in the process. In this paper,the recent development in catalytic combustion of CVOCs with regard to reaction mechanism,active species,catalyst supports were examined,active species of catalysts can be divided into noble metal catalysts based on ruthenium,palladium and concentrated transition metal composite oxide,perovskite type non-noble metal catalysts with high activity. Additionally,the mechanism and effect of water vapor on catalytic combustion process is discussed. According to the global research status,research and development directions of the catalysts for catalytic combustion in the future are presented. Taking full advantages of a certain concentration of water vapor to inhibit chlorine poisoning of catalyst and producing fewer by-products provide an important reference for the industrialization of CVOCs destructed by catalytic combustion.

Advances of Pt/zeolite catalysts were reviewed,mainly on the influence of Pt loading,additives,Pt precursors and pretreating conditions on catalysts' performance. The dispersion of Pt has a significant impact on the catalytic properties of zeolite and can be improved by the following methods. First,introducing Ce,Cr,Re,Sn and other metals by co-impregnation method can effectively improve the particle size distribution of Pt. Adding citric acid or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid as a competitive adsorbent in the impregnating solution may also improve the Pt dispersion and reducing the heating rate during the calcination process can effectively reduce Pt particle aggregation. In addition,multiple impregnation of Pt with low concentration and calcination under oxygen atmosphere can also improve the Pt dispersion. Catalysts impregnated with different Pt precursors also have different Pt particle size distribution. The requirements of Pt/zeolite catalysts for different reactions are different,which needs further researches for specific reactions.

With the development of science and technology,numerous synthetic methods of 2,3,5-trimethylbenzoquinone(TMBQ),an important intermediate for the manufacture of vitamin E,have emerged. Research progress on the catalytic oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol(TMP) to TMBQ is reviewed. The catalysts used in thermal catalytic oxidation are mainly summarized. Possible mechanism of the oxidation reaction is presented. In addition,the innovative photocatalytic oxidation and liquid jet loop reactor (LJLR)'s applications in such synthesis are briefly introduced. Photocatalytic oxidation is safe,non-toxic and of great stability and low energy consumption. LJLR can intensify the heat and mass transfer between substances and can be easily operated. Considering that the domestic production of TMP is limited,we believe developing new efficient catalysts and seeking novel synthetic means have become researchers' major tasks. There are also other promising routes to synthesize TMBQ. As reported,1,2,4-trimethylbenzene(TMB),which is of competitive price and rich in resources,can be directly oxidized to TMBQ in the presence of catalysts. This approach is very likely to be the main way to synthesize TMBQ in the near future.

Tetra-phenyl porphyrin,tetra-methoxy-phenyl porphyrin,tetra-fluoro-phenyl porphyrin and their Co,Mn,Fe metal porphyrin were synthesized and characterized by ultraviolet-visible light spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The catalytic oxidation of propylene into propylene oxide in molecular oxygen were catalyzed by the synthesized metal porphyrin. The effect of metal porphyrin catalyst type,metal porphyrin catalyst concentration,the reaction pressure,the reaction temperature and reaction time were investigated. All parameters exhibited significantly influence on the reaction yield,reaction conversion,reaction selectivity and they all have respective optimal values. The optimum reaction conditions obtained were as follows:selecting p-FTPPFeCl as the catalyst with a concentration of 1.35×10^-5mol/L,reaction pressure of 1.75MPa,reaction temperature of 100℃,and reaction time of 2h. Then the propylene oxide yield reached 40.38%,the propylene conversion reached 47.09%,and the propylene oxide selectivity reached 85.75%.

Activated carbon supported noble metal Pd,Pt and Ru catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction method,and were used in the synthesis of o-chloroaniline from o-chloronitrobenzene without any dechlorinating inhibitor and promoter added. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the Pd/C catalysts had better catalytic performances than Pt/C catalysts and Ru/C catalysts. The effects of solvent,reaction temperature,reaction time and other factors were examined using a Pd/C catalyst. The results showed that a 100% conversion of o-chloronitrobenzene was achieved with a selectivity of 87.4% to o-chloroaniline by small amount of 5% Pd/C catalyst under atmospheric pressure. Furthermore,the catalyst could be reused for 6 runs without significant loss of catalytic activity. The new technology was featured as lower reaction pressure,lower catalyst dosage,shorter reaction time and lower dechlorinating,and therefore suitable for industrial production.

In order to improve Yarrowia lipolytica's catalytic efficiency for acetophenone ,using 20mmol/L acetophenone and 20mmol/L phenyl ethanol as screening pressure,we obtained a mutant strain through UV mutation. Then we optimized the reaction conditions,such as temperature,pH,co-substrate and organic solvents. The mutant strain Yarrowia lipolytica ACA-DC 50109-H could reduce 20mmol/L acetophenone to optical pure (R)-phenyl ethanol (76% conversion,99.2% e.e.). The optimal reaction conditions were using glucose as co-substrate,and with t=30℃,pH=7.0 and the addition of 30%(v/v) ionic liquid (BMIM·PF6). When the culture broth of Yarrowia lipolytica ACA-DC 50109-H was used as the reaction system,with the addition of 30% BMIM·PF6, 60mmol/L acetophenone could be reduced to (R)-phenyl ethanol (97.5% conversion,95% e.e.) after 36h. Yarrowia lipolytica ACA-DC 50109-H could efficiently catalyze the asymmetric reduction of α-acetophenone to (R)-phenyl ethanol with high substrate loading,high conversion and e.e..

The carbon gold plate highly filled with fly ash was prepared by hot pressing,and its mechanical property was explored by adding different amount of silane coupling agent. The fracture appearance of the obtained plates was observed by SEM. The surface element distribution of the samples was analyzed through EDS. The results indicated that adding proper amount of silane coupling agent (KH550) can improve the mechanical property of the carbon gold plate. When fly ash was 400phr and the content of silane coupling agent (KH550) was 2wt% of the fly ash,the mechanical property of the carbon gold plate reached the optimal state:the tensile strength,the bending strength and the impact strength were 31.59MPa 58.33MPa and 2.07kJ/m²,respectively,which all met the standards for common architectural decoration materials. The mass fraction of fly ash reached as high as 73 wt%.

The terminal carboxyl group of polylactic acid copolymer P (LA/SA) was synthesized with lactide as raw material,stannous caprylate as the catalyst and succinic anhydride as modifier by direct melt polycondensation,and under the condition of 150℃ and 0.098MPa (LA/SA). The polyesteramide (PEA) was synthesized using 2,2-(1,3-phenylene)-bis(2-oxazoline) (1,3-PBO) chain the terminal carboxyl group of polylactic acid copolymer with the n(lactide)/n(1,3-PBO) is 1/2.4 and the reaction time of 12h. Finally,Kaolin and PEA melting compound was modified under stress conditions at 150℃. The structure were characterized by FTIR and the properties were investigated by GPC,FTIR, ¹H NMR,DSC,SEM. The result showed that the relative molecular weight of the chain extender product PEA increased significantly compared with P (LA/SA),and the heavy molecular weight was up to 240000. Its glass transition temperature is also higher than that of PLA and P (LA/SA). The thermal stability of the composite material is improved and the crystallinity is reduced after being modified.

A method to fabricate highly ordered tapered porous anodic alumina (PAA) templates in mixed solution which contains phosphoric acid and oxalic acid was presented. Firstly,highly ordered PAA templates with interpore distance of 495nm were fabricated by two-step method. On this basis,ordered tapered PAA templates with different aspect ratios were fabricated by alternately performing anodization process and pore widening process. Results showed that the aspect ratio of tapered PAA templates is linearly related to the total anodizing time,which could reach more than 100. And the relationship between tapered PAA morphology and partial anodizing time/partial pore widening time was also discussed in detail. The special structure of nano-template could expand the applications of PAA templates in fabricating metal or semiconductor nanowires,photoelectric materials and polymer materials.

Sn/TiO₂ was prepared with Ti(OC₄H₉)₄ and SnCl₄ by peptization-refluxing method.TiO₂ was loaded to the surface of ACF by the use of dip-coating method.TiO₂/ACF was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy,X-ray Diffraction,X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and UV-VIS- Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy,and the degradation of CH₂O was investigated. When Sn was incorporated into TiO₂,the growth of TiO₂ grains was inhibited and the conversion of TiO₂ was promoted from anatase to rutile. The range of light absorbed by TiO₂ was redshift. When 0.015 mol HNO₃ were used and 6% Sn were doped content,the removal rate of CH₂O was 85.2 percent by two layer TiO₂/ACF-50 under UV irradiation,while that of only 65.3 percent was obtained under the visible light.

Refined pitch with low content of quinoline insoluble (QI<0.1%) was obtained by solvent extraction from medium pitch as the raw material. The modified pitch with high content of β resin was obtained by thermal polymerization and air oxidation under certain conditions. The factors affecting the modification such as the reaction temperature,oxidation time and the air flow during the process of air-oxidation were discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that,with the oxidation temperature of 280℃,oxidation time of 2h,and the air flow rate of 0.04m3/h,we can obtain high quality modified coal tar pitch with softening point of 220℃,toluene-insoluble of 61.59%,quinolone-insoluble of 4.35%,coking value of 78.44%,and β resin content of 57.24%.

Acetylated nanocellulose (A-NCC) was prepared via a one-step reaction with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as catalyst under mechanochemical conditions. Various factors affecting the A-NCC output,such as the catalyst dosage,milling time,reaction temperature,ultrasonic time and reaction time were explored individually. The structural,morphological,thermo and spectroscopic characteristics of A-NCC were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM),X-raydiffraction (XRD),thermographic analyzer (TGA),Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the diameters of A-NCC prepared by this method ranged from 10nm to 30nm and the length ranged from 200nm to 750nm. XRD results showed a 76% crystallinity index and DS was determined to be around 0.125—0.214. The A-NCC produced by the one-step method also exhibited lower decomposition temperature than pulp fiber,which was proved by the TGA results. This work provided a simple and environmentally benign approach to prepare modified NCC (acetylated nanocellulose).

With o-xylene as the sole carbon source,a strain (LJ5) was separated from the soil which was contaminated in the long-term by coking waste water. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. based on its morphology,and 16S rDNA gene sequence. The optimum initial temperature,pH,and shaking speed for B1 utilizing pyridine are 35℃,pH=7.0—8.0 and 150 r/min,respectively. The o-xylene degradation rate was 73% when LJ15 was cultured under o-xylene concentration of 2500mg/L,and the degradation kinetics of o-xylene could be described by the Monod model. When o-xylene concentration was 》64.32mg/L,the degradation rate of strain LJ5 reached an maximum of 43.29mg/(L·h). Strain LJ5 could grow well in the coking waste water which allowed the degradation rate of COD to be 34.74%.

A crystallization process purifying the crude Eucalyptus oil [w(cineole) = 63.24%] was studied in this paper. Without any crystal seed,the concentration of 1,8-cineole would be improved from 63.24% to 77.52% under conditions:The cooling rate was 4℃/h,the cooling final temperature was -30℃,the sweating rate was 5℃/h,the sweating final temperature was -19℃. After crystal seeds were added,the operation temperature was obviously increased,the range of crystallization temperature was effectively reduced,and the purity of the product was greatly increased. The best operating value were determined:the cooling rate was 4℃/h,the crystallization temperature was -25℃,the sweating rate was 4℃/h,the sweating final temperature was -6℃,the amount of crystal seed was 0.2%,the diameter of crystal seed was 3mm with no broken,the temperature of seed added was -17℃. Under these conditions,the purity of crude oil was increased from 63.24% to 89.63%. The suitable process and its operating parameters for separating and purifying cineole under low temperature with a little crystal seed were obtained. Compared to other separation methods,this method has obvious advantages.

Polymerized epoxidized soybean oil (PESO) was firstly prepared through the ring-opening polymerization of epoxidized soybean oil in ethyl acetate using SnCl₄ as catalyst. The hydrolyzed PESO (HPESO) was obtained via the hydrolyzation of PESO under alkaline condition after purification. The structure of HPESO was characterized by FTIR and ¹H NMR. The molecular weight of HPESO was obtained by GPC. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc),the surface tensions corresponding to cmc (γ_cmc),the Krafft point (KP),the emulsification properties (EP),and the foam proterties (FP) of the K⁺ counterion of HPESO (HPESO-K) were investigated. The M_n of HPESO ranged from 1056g/mol to 1156g/mol and the M_w of HPESO ranged from 1255g/mol to 1374g/mol. Through varying the pH of HPECO-K aqueous solution from 9 to 11,the cmc of HPESO-K surfactant ranged from 0.13g/L to 0.41g/L and the γ_cmc of HPECO-K ranged from 25.6mN/m to 31.2mN/m,respectively. The KP of HPECO-K was 37℃ when the pH of HPECO-K solution was 9. When the surfactant was used as emulsifier,the time for 10mL water separated from the turpentine/water emulsion was 130s. The hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) of HPECO-K was in the range of 10—11.

Using stillingia oil which has abundant unsaturated bond as raw material,,we synthesized the environmental friendly plasticizer epoxy fatty acid isooctyl ester(epoxy stillingia oil fatty acid isooctyl ester) through a series of reactions of hydrolysis,esterification and epoxidation. The optimal synthetic process of epoxy stillingia oil fatty acid isooctyl ester from fatty acid isooctyl ester was determined by orthogonal experiments. The optimal conditions are,formic acid 30.37g and H₂O₂131.49g per hundred grams fatty acid isooctyl ester,reaction temperature 65℃ and reaction time 4h,with which the epoxy value could reach 5.71. The functional groups of the product was determined by IR,and the tensile,thermal stability and other performance were also tested. The results showed that the epoxy fatty acid isooctyl ester had better thermal stability and volatile mobility than DOP.

Due to the high specific surface area,high/tunable porosity,controllable structure,open metal sites and the possibility to functionalize,metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as promising adsorption materials have attracted considerable attention in recent decade. This critical review focuses on the progress in the applications of MOFs in adsorption removal of organic pollutants/heavy metal ion from wastewater and sulfur-containing compounds (SCCs)/nitrogen-containing compounds (NCCs) from fuel. The adsorption properties of MOFs for different hazardous materials and adsorption mechanism were discussed. It was demonstrated that the porosity,pore size and the central metal ions was important for the adsorption,which was found to proceed through a number of different mechanisms such as electrostatic interactions,π-π stacking/interactions,acid-base interactions and hydrogen bonding. The adsorption properties can be promoted by the functional modification of MOFs. The research trend in the future was also prospected.

Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) is a novel technology that treats wastewater using bacteria as catalyst and generates energy on the cathode simultaneously. In recent years,developing a highly-efficient while low-cost cathode is very important for the application of MEC in wastewater treatment. In this review,the regularly used cathodes and cathode catalysts including the precious metal Pt,stainless steel,metal Ni,nano-materials,conductive polymers and composites as well as biocathodes in MEC are summarized. The application of biocathodes in wastewater treatment and energy generation is highlighted. Finally,the prospects of electrode development relating layout optimization,composite materials synthesis and extracellular electron transfer mechanism are briefly discussed. Stainless steel and nano-materials have good performanceand optimization of electrode space layout and catalytic characteristics on electrode surface can strengthen the microbial adhesion,which ultimately promote the practical application of MEC.

The presence of trace siloxanes is the major barrier to the use of biogas as an alternative renewable energy source. Adsorption is a major way to remove semi-volatile organic compounds. This paper reviewed the removal of siloxane in biogas by adsorption. The choice of adsorbents,the way of siloxane capture,and the determination of the concentration of siloxane are the technical difficulties. The present research situations of active carbon,silica gel,alumina,molecular sieve were analyzed primarily. The advantages and disadvantages of sampling with impinger,stainless steel tank,or Tedlar bag were compared. The determination of siloxane concentration by GC,GC-MS,FTIR and so on were introduced. Adsorption mechanism of siloxane removing,research of the surface chemistry of different adsorbents,study of the mechanism of adsorption,curve fitting of adsorption model were thought to be the main research directions in the field of siloxane removing by adsorption.

The improvement in the further processing of coal tar pitch (CTP)is essential to increase its added value. This paper has summarized several techniques for further processing of CTP,with the focus on the preparations of spherical activated carbon,mesophase pitch,carbon fiber,needle coke and so on. We also analyzed the key techniques for several products and introduced progress of those key techniques. Coal tar pitch based spherical activated carbon,general grade carbon fiber and needle coke have been utilized commonly. The difficulty of current research is how to improve the products' quality and shorten the process time. Besides,the discovery and application of mesophase pitch has expanded the utilization field of traditional carbon material,and enhanced the related performance substantially.

Molybdenum(Mo) is an important rare metal,but recently molybdenum pollution occurres frequently,which poses a great potential risk on eco-environmental safety and human health. This paper reviews different treatment techniques(including artificial wet-land,chemical precipitation,ion exchange and adsorption),influence factors,and related removal model for molybdenum removal from aqueous media. Artificial wet-land is able to immobilize Mo from water,but Mo-containing substance and functional plants exist as another pollutants. Chemical precipitation shows a higher removal efficiency to wastewater with medium/low level of Mo,but excessive sludge is difficult to handle. Ion exchange can separate molybdenum from pollutants effectively and achieve secondary use by desorption,but poor adaptability of resin requires strict pH controlled conditions. Conventional adsorption utilizes inexpensive material to concentrate pollutants,but the subsequent material can cause secondary pollution. Development of cost-effective and resource-reusable functional materials will be promising for Mo immobilization,and iron-based materials have bright prospect.

A fluidized bed-Fenton process using quartz sand(0.5mm) as carrier was setup for iron oxides crystallization on the carrier's surface under the conditions of pH of 3.5,Fe²⁺/H₂O₂(molar ratio) of 2:1,influent of 1/3—1/2 design,and sequentially adding Fenton reagent. Uneven quartz sand surface and uniform fluidized state was beneficial to coating. At the same time the fluidized bed of highly efficient mass transfer further enhanced this process. The main components of iron oxides were FeOOH,Fe₂O₃,FeO and Fe₂(SO₄)₃ according to X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis. Simultaneously,this system also was used to treat organic silicone wastewater and synthesis pharmaceutical wastewater,COD and TOC removal rates could reach 80% and 85%,respectively,and the efficiency of Fe³⁺ removal reached 26% under optimum conditions.

Heavy metal pollution in water environment is one of the common concerns in China. Since zero-valent iron has great advantages on heavy metal removal,iron filing and iron powder were applied to Cu(Ⅱ) in Cu(Ⅱ) spiked Shijing River water. XRD and XPS results indicate that both iron filing and iron powder have a core-shell structure with Fe(110) as the core and Fe(Ⅱ) oxides as the shell. During the reaction process,the iron particles were oxidized progressively and formed Fe₃O₄ at the surface. Batch experimental results showed that both iron filling and iron powder can quickly remove Cu(Ⅱ) from water and the reactions follow pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The removal rate and the reaction rate constant k_obs increased with the increase of iron dosage,and decreased with the increase of initial concentration of Cu(Ⅱ). At Cu(Ⅱ) initial concentration of 45mg/L and zero-valent iron dosage of 10g/L,Cu(Ⅱ) was completely removed by iron powder after 3h,while the removal rate was only 75% for iron filling. k_obs are 1.07h^-1 and 0.59h^-1,respectively. Column tests showed that iron filing and iron powder have high removal capacity for Cu(Ⅱ),which were 75.67mg/g and 78.60mg/g, respectively. Overall,iron powder shows higher removal capacity and efficiency than that of iron filling.

Dismantling of electronic components is of great significance in recycling waste printed circuit boards(WPCBs),as an essential part of waste printed circuit boards recycling process. In this paper,a pilot dismantling machine was described,using hot air as heat source to melt solders and as pulse-jet to separate electronic components from the base boards. Disassembly process parameters were studied using orthogonal experiment,and the optimum processing parameters were analyzed. The dismantling rate of small patch components and total dismantling rate decreased along with the increase of injection times;when the total intake air temperature was 240℃,heating time was 5 minutes,injection times was 10,the dismantling rate of slot,through-hole and big patch components was most of above 95%,the highest rate of dismantling small components was more than 80%,and the total dismantling rate was more than 85%. The optimal experimental parameters were as follows:inlet temperature 240℃,the heating time 5min,pulsed jet injection 10 times.

Chemical Industry Parks in China are well developed due to increasing attention of environment protection and government policy. Despite growing number of chemical industry parks,there are still such problems as environment pollution,sustainable development industry highlighted. The best way to resolve this situation is to develop green chemical industry park. In this paper we use system engineering theory to decompose this complex problem into five parts:green layout,green evaluation,environmental protection,safety and intelligent management. All the five parts are related to each other. Green layout strongly influences the level of evaluation,environmental protection and safety,and safety and environmental protection could be resolved by intelligent management. When the five problems are well resolved,green chemical industry park could be established.