As a new flue gas denitration technology，denitrifying denitration has a prospect for industrialization due to low pollution，simple process，low running costs. In this paper，the existing methods of denitrifying denitration are described from two aspects——the source of nitrogen oxides and denitration technology research. The feature and advantage of single denitrification method，denitrification combined with chemistry method and aerobic bacteria denitration method are analyzed and future direction was prospected：single denitrification method should be focused on more optimized denitrifying bacteria screening；denitrification combined with chemistry method should be focused on better metal complexants searching and aerobic bacteria denitration method needs further mechanism exploring.

The flow profile in an open raceway photo-bioreactor was studied by employing computational fluid dynamics（CFD）. The effects of the inducing baffle structure，air inlets spacing along length direction and width direction were investigated. The calculated results showed that an open raceway photo-bioreactor has maximum velocity，minimum dead zone ratio and minimum power input when the inducing baffles angles are 180°，and extending length ?L/W is 0.5. The average velocity magnitude along the light direction is maximum when the spacing along width direction ?Y/W1 is 1/4，and the spacing along length direction ?X/L1 is 0.025. Light intensity，light and dark frequency of algal cells are derived from particle trajectories with and without air by employing particle tracking model （PTM）.

A new FCC feed injection nozzle，where a combined cyclone and spherical like-doublet impinging injector is used，is presented in this paper，then an experimental study on the combined swirl FCC feed injection nozzle based on different cyclone combination and injector structure was conducted．The results show that the feed injection nozzle with four external combined cyclone，internal combined cyclone and spherical like-doublet impinging injector achieves good results. The result has important values for the improvement of combined swirl feed injection nozzle design．

To investigate the effect of condenser location and gravity on operating performance，a miniature loop heat pipe with series flat evaporator were tested. The results show that the loop heat pipe can start up successfully at various positions under a low heat load （20 W） and have good operating performance with Qmax=130 W and R=0.21℃/W. At horizontal position，the loop heat pipe with shorter vapor line has better start-up performance and higher Qmax. Under a higher heat load，the effect of condenser location on operating performance becomes more noticeable. It is found that a loop heat pipe with series flat evaporator has good anti-gravity capability and can operate with all elevations and tilts. When the loop heat pipe is at vertical position with compensation chamber above the evaporator，its operating performance is the best under the gravity field.

As a special type of furnace，the natural gas heater adopts the indirect heating by the heat-transfer medium. Apparently，the properties of the heat-transfer medium and the form of heat transfer process of the heat-transfer medium in the cylinder are the key elements that greatly affect the thermal efficiency of natural gas heater. Analysis and comparison of the temperature distribution and flow condition between the water and ethylene glycol in the cylinder were carried out by experimental investigations. Based on the investigations on medium selection and heater’s integral structure and combining with the engineering practical needs，effective measures to improve the efficiency of natural gas heaters have been brought forward in this article and the technology has got itself the China invention patents．

To optimize and improve the structure and layout of a vertical impinging stream reactor，the mixing performance can be strengthened，the flow fields with different spacing were simulated using the Fluent software. The spacing between the upper and lower draft tubes are set as 60 mm，80 mm，100 mm，120 mm. The reaction is preceded at the rotating speed of 5 r/s，15 r/s，25 r/s respectively. The computation result shows that at a similar rotating speed，when the spacing of draft tube is 80 mm，the average speed of velocity distribution over the characteristic impact surface of reactor can reach a maximum value，and the performance of mass transfer under this structure is the best. Under the same condition，the impinging spacing with D=60 mm can come up to a maximum root-mean-square deviation in the radial velocity distribution of impinging surface，which indicates that in this zone of structure there is a great velocity gradient which is facilitated to the turbulent mixing of shear in the reactor.

Common cyclone separating devices cannot meet the technical requirements of large flow rate and high flow velocity. This study shows that the effective spiral movement of dual-phrase distribution of gas-solid is the key for cyclone separation, and cyclone separating devices with spiral guiding devices can make fluids move spirally, which can greatly improve the efficiency of cyclone separation. At the same time, setting up back-mixing preventing structure can ensure the effect of final separation. A complete separation system, which consists of dual-separator in parallel, an atmolysis tank, a dust tank and an ash valve, meets technical requirements in industrial units.

According to the short-cut residue curves for the ternary system of 2-methoxyethanol-water- entrainers，isopropyl acetate was chosen as an entrainer for the separation of 2-methoxyethanol -water mixture by batch azeotropic distillation. Then the residue curve determination experiment was completed and the residue curves for the ternary system of 2-methoxyethanol-water-isopropyl acetate were plotted based on the experiment data. A batch azeotropic distillation process was proposed for the separation of 2-methoxyethanol-water mixture. The effect of the amount of entrainer on the yield of 2-methoxyethanol was studied and the proper ratio of entrainer to feed was obtained. When w(isopropyl acetate)︰w(water)=2～2.5，especially，one-time yield of 2-methoxyethanol was more than 90%.

Levulinate esters have been recognized as an important platform chemicals and have a wide range of applications. This article summarizes the route of biore?nery，and then presents the up-to-date development of biorefinery in technologies and applications. Three routes of levulinate esters production are introduced，which include the route of synthesis reaction from levulinic acid，the route of conversion from furfuryl alcohol and the route of cellulosic biomass alcoholysis；and the advantages and disadvantages were also compared. Finally，for further application，the direct alcoholysis of biomass to produce levulinate esters will be the future trend. It is necessary to obtain the thermodynamic properties and other data during the reaction of direct alcoholysis of biomass and to strengthen the research with the related subjects，so as to build the theory foundation of the direct alcoholysis of biomass to produce levulinate esters.

The space power is required for high energy density，high reliability and long running time. The research of new energy technologies has drawn a great attention. This paper describes the development of these technologies，including new chemical energy as regenerative fuel cell（RFC），lithium-ion batteries；new solar photovoltaic；solar and nuclear dynamic with high and long running power. And it is focused on the characteristics and the problem in these application space power systems：accumulators，solar array-accumulators，fuel cells and nuclear power，etc. The flow and heat transfer of these space power systems are described in this paper. Also，this paper has some future view on the space power：solar cells have the development for the thin film，chemical power need the breakthrough of the new technology，the progress of the nuclear and solar dynamic power technology are essential to the long-running and high power in space.

The main industrial utilization of oil shale is to produce shale oil through a retorting process. In order to lower the carrier gas temperature so as to prolong the service life of the carrier gas preheater and to save energy，moderate amount of oxygen was added to the carrier gas in the oil shale retorting process. The retorting process of oil shale under aerobic condition with low-temperature carrier gas was studied. The characteristic via increasing bed temperature in the retorting process was investigated. Gas and liquid products obtained from the retorting process under aerobic condition were compared with that under anaerobic condition. The results show that oxygen content in the carrier gas has a significant effect on the retorting process as temperature increasing. The temperature of oil shale bed can be increased and sustained to a high enough level for retorting process due to the heat generated by the oxidation reaction of oil shale. The oil yield and the main components content of shale oil under aerobic condition is close to those under anaerobic condition although light components and compounds contained O—H bond and C==O bond in shale oil under aerobic condition are little more than those under anaerobic condition. The results obtained from the present work provide a new retorting process of oil shale to produce shale oil，which has a better industrial application potential.

The structure and properties of catalysts for the hydrochlorination of acetylene with different mental salts and their combinations as well as their catalytic performances are summarized and discussed. According to the difference of complexing power between different mental salts，the possible catalytic reaction mechanisms are analyzed. Also，in both heterogeneous and homogeneous phases，the researches on nonmercuric catalysts for the hydrochlorination of acetylene are all reviewed，especially，the components，catalytic mechanism，deactivation and reactivation of gold-based catalysts. The reaction system，which solvent are organics or ionic liquid，is briefly discussed. In the aspect of components，solvents and carriers，some development directions of different nonmercuric catalyst reaction systems are also prospected.

Ultrafine nickel-based catalyst was prepared by sol-gel using tetraethoxy-silane （TEOS），n-butyl phthalate acid，and nickel nitrate as raw materials，and the samples were characterized. The most appropriate process condition was determined for the ultrafine nickel-based hydrogenation catalysts toluene by changing the temperature，pressure，space velocity，hydrogen and other hydrocarbon process conditions. The results show that the maximum conversion of toluene hydrogenation rate of 100% when the temperature is between 160—170 ℃，pressure is between 0.6—0.8 MPa，airspeed is 4 h－1，hydrogen-hydrocarbon ratio is 10∶1. Selectivity within 80—200 ℃ range is better than others without open-loop and other side reactions. Selectivity can reach 100%. Therefore，a nickel-based catalyst from dual silicon source sol-gel preparation is an excellent catalyst for toluene hydrogenation.

Density functional theory based on ab-initio quantum methods was used to study the interaction between TiCl4 and the surface of β-MgCl2（110）. Absorption energy，bond length and electron cloud have been obtained by molecular simulation. It has been found that TiCl4 can be most weakly absorbed by the surface of β-MgCl2（110），on the contrary， [TiCl3]+，[TiCl2]2+ and [TiCl]3+ that TiCl4 lost Cl atom had been strongly absorbed.

In this paper，the research progress in carbon nanotube filled polymer based composites for electromagnetic shielding was overviewed. By explaining the need for the development of electromagnetic shielding materials，the electromagnetic shielding mechanism of composite was introduced，then attention was focused on the effect of carbon nanotube addition，aspect ratio and diameter，the thickness of the shield，composite processing on the electromagnetic shielding performance of the composites. Finally，the prospect of the future research trend of carbon nanotube filled polymer based composites for electromagnetic shielding was given：the addition of low-cost filler could have a synergistic effect or not with carbon nanotube；how to design the preparation process to solve the dispersion of carbon nanotube；based on the microscopic structure of carbon nanotube，enrich the theoretical content of the electromagnetic shielding mechanism of composite；how to control the addition amount of carbon nanotube，making the absorption as the main shielding mode.

The bonded phase, 3-glycidoxypropyl silica gel, was prepared by the method of toluene reflux. The reaction conditions, including material ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time on the formation of bonded phase, were investigated through orthogonal test and one-factor test. The results indicated that the proper increasing of the content of KH-560, the reaction temperature and reaction time could promote the formation of bonded phase. But the results also showed that the overhigh reaction temperature and the overlong reaction time will cause the dissociation of KH-560. The suitable reaction conditions for the formation of silica gel and KH-560 bonded was：silica gel:KH-560 = 1:2 （ mass ratio）; reaction temperature 65?—80 ℃; reaction time 48—72 h. The decomposition of KH-560 can be avoided under this condition. Finally，compared with the hydrogen content between elemental analysis and theoretical calculation, it could be identified that there was only one methoxy group of the KH-560 molecule involved in the bonded reaction.

A super absorbent resin，xanthan gum-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylanido-2-methlpropane- sulfonic acid)[XG/P（AA-AMPS）]，was prepared by solution polymerization in this study. The synthesis process was optimized by using U10*（104）uniform design. The results showed that the best weight ratio of acrylic acid is 12 g，the amount of initiator is 0.5%，the neutralization degree of acrylic acid is 80% and the synthesis temperature of graft copolymerization is 60 ℃。Under the optimal condition of absorbent resin synthesizing，the water absorption multiple is up to 997.1 g/g，with normal saline is up to 176.2 g/g. The fourier infrared spectroscopy （FTIR），scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and integrated thermal analyzers were used for the characterization of the super absorbent resin. The results of FTIR characterization show that acrylic acid（AA）and 2-acrylanido-2-methlpropanesulfonic acid（AMPS）are grafted to the molecular chain of xanthan gum，and the SEM observation results showed that the resin forms a porous network structure.The thermal performance analysis results show that the resin has good thermal stability at high temperature.

In this study，activated carbon with high surface area was prepared from Luffa cylindrical sponge by KOH activation. The effects of KOH/C ratio，activation temperature，activation time and heating rate on the properties of as-prepared activated carbons were investigated by means of orthogonal test design. Results showed that the optimal condition is following：KOH/C weight ratio 4，activation temperature 800 ℃，activation time 30 min，and heating rate 10 ℃/min. The as-prepared activated carbon is porous and amorphous，which has high surface area of 3545 m2/g，and the iodine and methylene blue adsorption value reached to 2926 mg/g and 528.58 mg/g，respectively. This study presents a valuable pathway for comprehensive utilization of Luffa cylindrical sponge.

The methods of epoxidication，ring open and esterification were used to prepare polyester polyol with three kinds of fatty acids which are different in iodine value，and the properties of polyester polyol and polyurethane foam （PUF） were compared. It was found that the iodine number of fatty acids （1#<2#<3#） effected on the hydroxyl value of polyol，the higher iodine value，the higher hydroxyl value of polyol. Hydroxyl values of 1#，2# and 3# polyester polyol were 261.47，370.28 and 434.49 mgKOH/g，respectively. Polyester polyol was analysed with GPC. Polyol’s relative molecular weights distributed in 600—2000 were detected by GPC. Foam density determines the performance of mechanism，such as higher foam density leads better compress and bending property. Three kinds of foam have good compress and bending property，whose foam densities are in the sequence of ?1#

Pore modified TiO2 thin films were prepared by adding ammonium nitrate into TiO2 sol precursor and using dip-coating technique. The formation process of pores in TiO2 thin film is closely related to the phase separation induced by ammonium nitrate in dip-coated TiO2 sol film. Ammonium nitrate in the dip-coated TiO2 sol film not only suppresses the evaporation of condensed water during the drying process but also increases the surface tension of water phase，which enhances the formation of water droplets which remains pores in the dried gel after being completely evaporated. The formed TiO2 thin films showed excellent superhydrophilicity. The pore distribution density increased and the transmittance of visible light deceased as the amount of ammonium nitrate was increased. Increase of repeating times of the coating process produced a multilayer pore modified film surface which was favorable to increase the transmittance of visible light.

The possibility that nano-Cu dissolves in a dilute acid was analyzed theoritically，the thermodynamic relation between the solubility and the particle size of a nano-metal was derived. Besides，it was determined that the solubility of nano-Cu with different sizes in the dilute sulphuric acid，and the effect of particle size on the solubility was discussed. The results show that the particle size of nano-Cu has a considerable influence on the solubility in dilute sulphuric acid; the blocky Cu，which is insoluble in a dilute acid，can dissolve in a dilute acid when turned into nano-Cu with certain sizes，and the smaller the diameter，the higher the solubility，and the logarithm of the solubility has linear relation with the reciprocal of the diameter; and the experiment results are in accordance with the theoretic analysis.

Pure and Fe-doped NaTaO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method. XRD patterns indicated that both pure as well as iron doped NaTaO3 were pure orthorhombic phase of tantalite. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra clearly displayed the red-shift in the series of iron doped NaTaO3 catalysts, indicating a decrease in the band gap of NaTaO3 caused by the substitution of Fe3+ ions at Ta5+ site, and the red-shift increased with the increase of iron doping concentration in NaTaO3. The light absorption mechanism was discussed by density functional theory. Fe3+ ions substitution of Ta5+ ions resulted in an intermediate band (IB) below the bottom of the conduction band (CB), which was mainly attributed to the state of Fe 3d.

The key problem in evaluating the parameters of the 7-parameter Cross-WLF viscosity model of polymer materials with nonlinear fitting method is how exactly to calculate the gradient vector f2(x) and the Hessian matrix?? f2(x). Numerical method loses its efficiency here and singularity problem arises due to the significant difference of the parameters in magnitude. In order to overcome this problem，automatic differentiation method was adopted in this paper to calculate? f2(x) and? f2(x). Its differentiation accuracy is up to that of analytical method when neglecting the truncation error. Further more，this method is of high stability and benefits much to the final result of the fitting program. Test case shows the RMS error between the fitting viscosity and the experimental viscosity is less than 1×10－5.

The study is about the kinetic model on the extraction of flavonoids from Aralia chinensis L based on the mechanism of extraction and diffusion. Firstly the concentration of flavonoids at different temperature and extraction time were measured. It is found that the concentration increased with the increase of temperature and extraction time and finally reached the equilibrium. Then the kinetic model of flavonoids extraction was established according to Fick’s second law of diffusion and ball model，and the kinetic parameters，including rate constant，activation energy，yield and the diffusion coefficient，were obtained. The established kinetic model provided a foundation for the optimization of technological conditions and further theoretical study.

N-alkyl anilines are widely used as synthetic intermediates for pharmaceuticals，agrochemicals，fine chemicals，bioactive compounds，and dyes chemicals. The mechanism and the research process of N-alkylation of aromatic amines with corresponding alkylating agents，such as alkyl halides，carbonyl compounds and alcohols were summarized in this paper. The one-pot synthesis of N-alkyl anilines from nitroaromatics as starting material with carbonyl compounds，nitriles and alcohols was highlighted. Recently，much attention has been paid to the use of alcohols as alkylating reagents for the N-alkylation of nitroaromatics due to the mild reaction conditions，without additional organic ligand. Therefore，the development of efficient catalyst for N-alkylation system with alcohol is still a challenging goal.

The dioctyl glycerol ether sulfate anionic surfactant was synthesized from glycerol. The intermediate dioctyl glycerol ether was confirmed by IR and MS. Various influencing factors for synthesis of dioctyl glycerol ether synthesizing，such as molar ratio，reaction temperature and reaction time were studied. The optimal reaction condition was obtained by the ratio of sodium octoxide and dichloropropanol is 2.2∶1，reaction temperature is 70 ℃ with reaction time of 8 h. Under this condition，the yield of dioctyl glycerol ether exceeds 92% as measured by GC. Dioctyl glycerol ether sulfate was prepared by chlorosulfonic acid and its surface activity was measured. The results showed that it has good capacity for surface tension reducing and low critical micelle concentration.

Vanadium redox flow battery is a highly efficient storage energy installs. The electrolyte influence the battery capacity directly. （S）-2 - benzyloxy propanal was synthesized by the amination of pyrrolidine，the etherification of benzyl chlorine and sodium bisaluminiumhydride with ethyl（S）-lactate as raw material. The reaction time ，the reaction temperature and the mole ratio of raw material in the process of amination were investigated. The results showed that the yield of amination reaction was about 94% when amination reaction time was 72 h，the reaction temperature was 25 ℃ and the mole ratio of pyrrolidine to ethyl（S）-lactate was 1.4∶1. The overall yield was about 61.8%. The product structure was characterized and confirmed by GC-MS，IR and 1H NMR. The results provided important theoretical base for the industrial production of（S）-2 - benzyloxy propanal.

7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin was synthesized by Pechmann reaction using ionic liquid 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone hydrosulfate as catalyst without solvent. The results showed that 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone hydrosulfate could be reused and exhibited excellent catalytic activity. Under the condition as：n(resorcinol)∶n(ethyl acetoacetate)=1∶1.3，1.2%（percent of total mass of reactants） [Hnmp]HSO4，refluxing for 3 h，the yield of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin is up to 87.24%. Purity of product analyzed by HPLC is above 98.5%.

R-(+)-6,8-dichlorooctanic acid was obtained in chiral resolution of 6,8-dichlorooctanic acid by using chiral split agent S-(-)-α-phenylethylamine. R-(+)-α-lipoic acid was synthesized by sulfuration and hydrolysis from R-(+)-6,8-dichlorooctanic acid ethyl ester that was prepared through esterfication reaction. The conditions were investigated and the results showed that the yield and specific rotation were influenced by feed ratio，solvent，catalyst and reaction temperature. Proper experimental condition for chiral reaction was found as：n[S-(-)-α-phenylethylamine]∶n（6,8-dichlorooctanic acid）=0.45∶1，solvent was ethyl acetate. The optimal esterfication reaction conditions was found as：the catalyst was p-toluene sulfonic acid，reaction time 7 h. The optimum conditions of sulfuration reaction were found as：reaction temperature was 65 ℃，the amount of phase transfer catalyst was 0.4 g; The overall yield was 48.4%. The product and intermediate were characterized by IR，specific rotation and 1H NMR.

Vanadium redox flow battery is a highly efficient storage energy installs. The electrolyte influence the battery capacity directly. V(Ⅲ)-V(Ⅳ) electrolyte of vanadium redox flow battery was prepared by chemical method with V2O3，V2O5 and H2SO4 in this paper. The impacts of the additives of alcohol and sodium pyrophosphate on the stability and the electrochemical activity of electrolyte were investigated. The experimental results showed that the electrolyte with V(Ⅲ)/V(Ⅳ) concentration ratio of 1.0 was acquired with the V2O3/V2O5 mass ratio of 7.2∶1. And the stability and the electrochemical activity of the electrolyte were improved by adding the additives.

Micro-and nano-bubbles have distinctive characteristics which are different from ordinary bubbles，and the applications of micro-and nano-bubble technology in environmental pollution control have attracted more and more attentions in recent years. In this paper，the technical characteristics of micro-bubble and nano-bubbles were introduced in detail mainly on mass transfer intensification，interfacial potential and the release of free radicals. The recent applications of micro-and nano-bubble technology were emphatically illustrated as well，such as the removal of suspended solids，the intensive degradation of organic pollutant and the promotion of biodegradable ability. In addition，the technical advantage and the application prospects were presented and some existed problems on micro-and nano-bubble technology were pointed out，such as how to effectively denitrify，how to obtain optimal conditions coupled with some strong oxidation methods and new environmental pollution restoration technology，as well as how to develop practical nano-bubbles generation with low cost，energy efficiency，superior performance and easy application in broad scope.

CO2 sub-sea sediments sequestration is considered as an effective method to mitigate global warming. The paper introduced hydrate self-sealing mechanism，formation conditions and stability zone，described the advance of kinetics for hydrate formation，including kinetics of hydrate nucleation，growth，and the driving force of hydration. The hydrate nucleation models are clustering nucleation model，extension model，interface nucleation model，and Chen-Guo model. The hydrate growth models are Englezos model，Kvamme model，exponential growth model，fluid flow model，and LB model. The driving forces of hydration are chemical potential difference，temperature difference，Gibbs free energy difference，concentration difference，pressure or fugacity difference. The KC model，NR model，parallel capillary bundle model，permeability decreasing model，and Morisdis’ relative permeability model were summarized to describe the evolution of the porosity and the permeability of sediments during hydrate nucleation and growth. Finally，some hydration experiments were introduced and related scientific problems on CO2 sequestration and hydrate formation in marine sediments were prospected.

Coal is the main source of energy in China. Sulfur dioxide (SO2)，carbon dioxide (CO2)，nitric oxide (NO) and other pollutants emitted from coal combustion affect the environment and human health. The status of zeolite and modified zeolite adsorption for desulfurization，decarbonization，denitrification and simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification technologies were summarized in this paper. The influencing factors in these removal processes were analyzed，including the effects of temperature and modification on desulfurization，the effects of pressure，temperature and modification on decarbonization，the effects of O2，water，modification on denitrification，and the effects of concentration and sulfur resistance on simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification. The development trend of simultaneous removing three gases above was also prospected.

The Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst was prepared by the incipient impregnation of instilling nitric acid manganese and nitric acid cerium solution on the surface of the TiO2 particles. Using a fixed bed catalyst reactor and ammonia gas as the reductant，the activation of selective catalytic reduction NO was studied by catalyst prepared in different manganese precursors. And the NO removal rate was also studied under different load sequences，temperatures，load capacities，space velocities，and content of O2，NH3/NO. The result showed that the NO removal rate of catalyst can reached 90%. when the temperature was 160 ℃，Mn∶Ce molar ratio was 8∶1 and load capacity was 18%.

Activated carbons of coconut shell were tested as adsorbents of removing dimethyl disulfide and the effects of surface chemistry and pore structure on the adsorptions were investigated. Chemical hardness was computed to interpret the effect of surface chemistry on the adsorptions by Hard and Soft Acids and Bases （HSAB） theory. Moreover the thermodynamic property of the adsorptions was studied. The results show that the number of acid oxygen functional groups has little influence on the adsorptions due to the similar chemical hardness among compounds in sulfate turpentine. However specific surface area and pore volume have great impact on the adsorption. The adsorption isotherms of dimethyl disulfide on the activated carbons fit the Freundlich model and equation satisfactorily. And the result of adsorption thermodynamics shows that the adsorption of dimethyl disulfide on activated carbon is an exothermic，low-disordered and spontaneous process.

In this paper，through contrastive experimental method，the fouling resistances of an alternating elliptical axis tube and a copper tube were analyzed and the influence of Songhua River water quality parameters was mainly investigated. The results show that the fouling resistance of cooling water is lower in the former tube than the latter one and it has no obvious induction period. The change of cooling water quality parameters has obvious effect on the fouling，The water quality parameters changed with the time and the relationship between heat transfer enhancement and water quality parameter were thoroughly analyed，which provides a reference for improving the heat transfer efficiency of heat transfer equipments.

The generation of bromide (Br－) and bromated (BrO3－) in tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) ozonation process was investigated at different water quality parameters and ozone dose. The purpose of the experiment was to find out the main factors that control the formation of BrO3－ during the ozonation of TBBPA. The results showed that there were two stages in the ozonation of TBBPA. In the first stage，the TBBPA was oxidized and Br－ was released. The second stage was the ozonation of Br－ to BrO3－. More Br－ and BrO3－ were generated at higher initial concentrations of TBBPA. The formation rate was improved with the increasing of ozone dose. The concentration of BrO3－ increased 4.5 times with the temperature increased from 25 ℃ to 55 ℃. The levels of Br－ and BrO3－ decreased as the pH decreased from 11 to 8.

As an environmentally friendly，clean and alternative energy，biodiesel has attracted more and more attention in recent years. In this paper，various analysis methods for biodiesel were discussed，such as gas chromatography，liquid chromatography，thermogravimetric analysis，1H NMR ，FTIR and so on. Some analysis methods were verified through experiment．The advantages and disadvantages of various analysis methods are presented．GC and HPLC are suitable for quantitative analysis. TGA has high accuracy. 1H NMR is easy to operate with high accuracy，but it has high cost. FTIR is suitable for qualitative analysis. NIR has low cost，but is less accurate.

A new catalyst used for C3 fraction liquid phase of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company 240 thousand annual ethylene workshop and industrial equipment conditions were simulated. The results of stability and 1000h activity of LY-C3-A and contrast-catalyst show that the bed temperature is 2.3 ℃ higher than that of contrast-catalyst even under the condition that inlet temperature of LY-C3-A is 5—8 ℃ lower than that of contrast-catalyst. The results indicate that selective hydrogenation effect of LY-C3-A is better than that of contrast-catalyst. Comprehensive properties of LY-C3-A are superior to that of contrast-catalyst and the catalyst teaches the requirements industrial application.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the economic performance of OXO unit with several factors，related to technology，capacity，product specification，the price of feedstocks and products. The main influent factors，especially the price of feedstocks and products，are studied. The figure showing the feasibility of OXO investment is presented. In addition，a new catalyst Selector30 developed by Davy is introduced.

In the post-financial crisis era，the economics and refining sectors of the developed countries seemed to be at a standstill，on the other hand，the oil refining industries of China，India，and other Asian emerging economies maintained steady growth momentum，the new additional capacity is in the front row，the current total refining capacity have accounted for 28% of the whole world，promoting global refining industry progress. This paper analyzes the favorable opportunities which China，India refining enterprise is facing，such as the rapid development of the economy and domestic oil rapid growth of demand，and also presented the series of challenges including the tighten supply of crude oil，high crude oil external dependence，oil refining overcapacity，Middle East competition and carbon dioxide emissions pressures，it is advisable to take the following measures：expanding the oil sources to realize the resource diversity，strengthen the refining-chemical integration，focusing on the technology innovation and reducing carbon dioxide emissions.