Abstract:

Pressure-driven ultrafiltration membranes suffer from the trade-off between permeability and selectivity, as well as membrane fouling during filtration. Porous nanomaterials are an important category of additives in ultrafiltration membranes modification and also a research hotspot of novel functional membranes for water treatment. It has been reported that the introduction of porous nanomaterials into the ultrafiltration membrane has the potential to overcome the permeability-selectivity trade-off effect by simultaneously enhancing the membrane permeability and contaminants rejection efficiency thanks to the provision of extra water channels as well as the creation of highly selective nanochannels by the adjustable pore size. Meanwhile, the incorporation of hydrophilic porous nanomaterials is beneficial to improve the antifouling properties of ultrafiltration membranes. In this paper, the modification methods and the research progress of ultrafiltration membranes modified by porous nanomaterials including microporous zeolites, mesoporous carbon, mesoporous silica, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for water treatment are reviewed. The modification effects of different porous nanomaterials are evaluated based on the membrane hydrophilicity, permeability and antifouling property. Finally, perspectives of research and application on ultrafiltration membranes modified by porous nanomaterials for water treatment are proposed.

Key words: porous nanomaterials, ultrafiltration, membranes, modification, water treatment, environment

摘要：

基于压力驱动的超滤膜面临渗透性和选择性的制衡及膜污染问题。多孔纳米材料是高性能超滤膜改性制备中一类重要的添加剂，是新型水处理功能膜的研究热点之一。多孔纳米材料的添加为膜提供了额外水通道，其可调的孔尺寸又为在膜内构建出具有高度选择性的纳米通道提供了潜在有利条件，进而突破膜渗透性和选择性的Trade-off效应。同时，亲水性多孔纳米材料的添加有利于提升膜的抗污染性能。本文综述了近年来多孔纳米材料对超滤膜的改性方法，总结了微孔沸石分子筛、介孔炭、介孔二氧化硅、金属有机骨架材料和共价有机骨架材料对超滤膜的改性研究进展，着重评价了不同改性材料对超滤膜在亲水性、渗透性、污染物截留和抗污染能力等方面的影响。最后对未来多孔纳米材料改性超滤膜的研究及应用的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 多孔纳米材料, 超滤, 膜, 改性, 水处理, 环境