Abstract:

Colloidal crystals are ordered arrays formed by self-assembly of monodisperse colloidal microspheres. The self-assembly of colloidal microspheres is an important way to build the structural color, which is simple, low cost, and no need for complicated and expensive equipment, etc. The structural color produced from colloidal crystals has great potential in the fields of textiles coloring, sensing, anti-counterfeiting, and information encryption, owing to the advantages of high luminance, high saturation, and good light stability, etc. This article introduces the following three aspects in details: the design of the structure and the synthesis of colloidal microspheres, the controllable construction, and the application of colloidal crystals. The advantages and disadvantages of inorganic nanospheres, organic polymer nanospheres, and core-shell nanospheres are reviewed. The assembly methods of colloidal microspheres are summarized, including gravity deposition, heat-assisted assembly, vertical deposition, dip-coating, spraying, inkjet printing, spin coating, magnetic field induced self-assembly, electric field-driven assembly, and interface transfer printing, etc. The application status of the colloidal crystals structure are described and the perspective of future research emphasis on the colloidal structure color system are also presented.

Key words: colloidal crystals, emulsions, nanomaterials, structural color, interface

摘要：

胶晶是由单分散胶体微球自组装形成的有序阵列结构。胶体微球自组装制备结构生色体系，具有方法简单、成本低及不需要复杂且昂贵的设备等优点，是人工构建结构生色体系的重要途径。由胶晶产生的结构色具有亮度高、色彩饱和度高和光稳定性好等优点，在纺织品着色、传感、防伪以及信息加密等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文详细介绍了胶体微球的结构设计与合成、胶晶的可控构筑及其应用研究三个方面的内容。文中综述了无机纳米微球、有机聚合物纳米微球和核壳结构纳米微球的优点和不足；较全面地总结了胶体微球的组装方法，包括重力沉降法、加热辅助组装法、垂直沉积法、浸渍提拉法、喷涂法、喷墨打印技术、旋涂法、磁场诱导自组装法、电场驱动组装法和界面转印法等；讨论了胶晶结构的应用现状，并对胶晶结构生色体系未来的研究重点进行了展望。

关键词: 胶晶, 乳液, 纳米材料, 结构色, 界面