Abstract: Hydrogen is considered to be an ideal energy carrier and a kind of useful chemical raw material. Nowadays hydrogen is industrially produced mainly from fossil fuels, which is not environmental enough. It is crucial to figure out the characteristics of different hydrogen production methods so as to provide a splendid technical roadmap. Hydrogen can be produced by variety of technologies and consume variety of energy sources, such as renewables(e.g. biomass, wind energy, solar energy), nuclear and fossils. In this article the environmental impacts of various hydrogen production technologies are evaluated and compared in the view of life cycle assessment. It introduces the theory of life cycle assessment as well as the principle and application of various hydrogen production methods. On the basis of life cycle cost analysis, the costs of technologies for hydrogen production are also presented. According to the Globe Warming Potential and energy consumption data, it is obtained that hydrogen production via renewable energy or nuclear energy has great environmental effects, although most of these technologies are costly in the present. Furthermore, wind-based hydrogen production can save most energy and cost little greenhouse emission, while nuclear-base hydrogen production is expected to be widely applied in the future. Some conclusions of the prospects of hydrogen production are given out in the end.

Key words: hydrogen production, renewable energy, life cycle assessment, greenhouse gas, energy consumption

摘要： 氢气既是理想高效的清洁能源，又是用途广泛的化工原料。以传统能源制氢为主导的制氢产业具有高能耗高污染的弊端，在资源环保问题日益突出的当下，全方位对比研究各类制氢技术的优劣特征，为制氢产业提供健康发展的技术路线显得尤为重要。本文主要以传统制氢技术（煤气化制氢、天然气制氢等）和新型制氢技术（热化学制氢、可再生能源发电制氢、生物质气化制氢等）为对象，对其生命周期评价方面的研究进展进行综述。论文首先介绍了生命周期评价的研究过程和思路，阐述了各类制氢技术的基本原理和应用现状，重点研究了各类制氢技术的能耗和温室气体释放数据，同时结合生命周期成本分析，归纳了各制氢技术的制氢成本。论文通过分析各类制氢技术的优劣性，总结得出新型制氢技术具有优秀的节能环保性，但制氢成本较高。其中，风电制氢技术的环保性最佳，而核能热化学制氢在未来具有大规模应用的潜力。根据当前制氢格局的发展状况和各类制氢技术的特点，论文最后作出了关于制氢技术发展的前景展望。

关键词: 制氢, 再生能源, 生命周期评价, 温室气体, 能耗