Abstract:

Among the diverse technologies for treating heavy metal ions in wastewater, adsorption has emerged as one of the most effective and promising methods. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), an emerging class of organic porous polymers, are characterized by their high crystallinity, large specific surface area and high adsorption capacity. These properties give COFs a distinct advantage over traditional adsorbents and highlight their enormous potential for heavy metal ions removal from wastewater. This paper firstly reviewed the design of COFs structure and the main synthesis strategies, and then introduced the research progress regarding heavy metal ions removal from water by pristine COFs, functionalized COFs and COFs composites. The adsorption performance of COFs with functional groups containing N, O and S activities was emphasized, and the influence mechanisms of COFs were elaborated in conjunction with their spatial structure properties. In addition, various interaction mechanisms between COFs and heavy metal ions were analyzed. Finally, the current problems of COFs in removing heavy metal ions were analyzed, and functionalization and composite materials were proposed as future development directions of COFs adsorbents, aiming to offer references for the design and adsorption applications of COFs.

Key words: covalent organic frameworks, adsorption, heavy metal ions, mechanism

摘要：

在众多重金属离子废水处理技术中，吸附被认定是最出色的技术之一。共价有机框架（COFs）作为一类新兴的有机多孔聚合物，具有高结晶度、大比表面积、高吸附容量等特性。与传统吸附剂相比，这些特性使COFs在吸附去除水体中重金属离子方面具有巨大潜力。本文首先综述了COFs的结构设计和主要的合成策略，而后介绍了本征COFs、官能化COFs和COFs复合材料在去除水体中重金属离子方面的研究进展。重点介绍了N、O、S官能化COFs的吸附性能，并结合空间结构特性阐述了COFs的影响机制。此外，还分析了COFs与重金属离子之间的各种相互作用机理。最后，讨论了目前COFs在去除重金属离子方面存在的问题，提出了官能化和复合材料是COFs吸附剂的未来发展方向，以期为COFs的设计和应用提供参考。

关键词: 共价有机框架, 吸附, 重金属离子, 机理