Abstract:

Kitchen waste is enormous in its production, and has the characteristics of high water content and complex components. If it is not properly disposed, it will cause serious environmental pollution. This paper introduced the necessity and technological process of kitchen waste pretreatment technology, and summarized the main treatment technologies of kitchen waste, including landfilling, incineration, aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation and pyrolysis, then the advantages, existing problems and application status of these treatment technologies were discussed. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis process has some advantages, such as not harmful substances produce, the volume and weight of the kitchen waste is highly reduced, and the three-phase products of pyrolysis can be reused, which has the technical advantages of harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization, and can meet the principles of kitchen waste treatment in China. In addition, the development status of kitchen waste pyrolysis technology was also introduced and prospected from the three aspects of pyrolysis characteristics, pyrolysis method and pyrolysis product utilization, in order to provide reference for the development of harmless treatment technology of food waste in China.

Key words: kitchen wastes, treatment technology, pyrolysis

摘要：

我国餐厨垃圾产生量巨大，且具有含水量高、组分复杂等特点，若未妥善处置，将造成严重的环境污染。本文首先介绍了餐厨垃圾预处理工艺的必要性及其工艺流程，对国内外主要的餐厨垃圾处理技术进行综述，分别阐述了卫生填埋、焚烧、好氧堆肥、厌氧发酵和热解技术的优势、存在问题及应用现状，并提出热解处理技术能够满足我国餐厨垃圾的处理原则，热解过程不产生有害物质、餐厨垃圾体积重量减量程度高以及热解三相产物可二次利用，具有无害化、减量化和资源化的技术优势。同时，从热解特性、热解方式和热解产物利用三个方面对餐厨垃圾热解领域的发展现状进行介绍和展望，以期为我国餐厨垃圾的无害化处理技术发展提供借鉴和参考。

关键词: 餐厨垃圾, 处理技术, 热解