ISO/IEC, American, Japanese and Chinese hydrogen technical standardization system: comparison and suggestions

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1154

Abstract

Abstract:

Technical standards are the cornerstone of industrial upgrading and international trade. A comprehensive overview and comparison of the development and current status of hydrogen technical standardization is essential to regulate and promote technological progress and global trade. In this work, the development and current status of hydrogen technical standardization of ISO/IEC, America, Japan and China were reviewed. It introduced hydrogen technical standardization organizations, compared detailly the ratio, structure and specific content of ISO/IEC international standards and national/industry standards of America, Japan and China, classified them into 8 technical categories of hydrogen technical standard system and revealed their distribution as well as features. Compared with America and Japan, Chinese hydrogen technical standardization system had the defects of fewer number of industry standards, weak dominance of hydrogen energy industrial associations in standardization process and insufficient technical coverage of some technical categories. Based on the comparisons, 2 practical suggestions were proposed for the development of Chinese technical standardization system, including authoring industrial associations the right of formulate hydrogen technical industry standard and optimizing the distribution of Chinese hydrogen technical standards.

Key words: hydrogen, standardization system, technical standard, technical category, technology distribution

摘要：

技术标准在技术进步、国际贸易中具有重要作用。全景式梳理、比较氢能技术标准化体系发展与现状，对于促进技术进步、规范国际贸易至关重要。本文综述了ISO/IEC、美国、日本和中国等5个主体氢能技术标准化体系：介绍了上述5个主体的氢能标准化机构，详细梳理了ISO/IEC氢能国际标准与美日中氢能国家标准/行业标准的层级结构比例，并按标准具体内容将其归类到8个技术类别中，分析了各主体在8个技术类别中的分布与特征。文中指出相比于美国和日本，中国氢能技术标准化体系存在行业标准数量较少、氢能产业联盟在行业标准制定中主导性弱和部分技术类别覆盖度低的不足。针对上述不足，文章对中国氢能技术标准体系提出两条发展建议：增加行业标准数量，以发挥其对标准体系补充、完善的作用，为此需赋予中国氢能产业联盟制定行业标准的权限；优化中国氢能技术标准分布，提高氢储运与加注以及氢能应用等技术类别的覆盖度，保障氢能产业从定点示范运营到城市群大规模推广的顺利升级。

关键词: 氢能, 标准化体系, 技术标准, 技术类别, 技术分布

CLC Number:

TK91

SHI Wenbo, TSAI Chunming, LI Dewei, ONO Kei, ZHANG Jianbo. ISO/IEC, American, Japanese and Chinese hydrogen technical standardization system: comparison and suggestions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(12): 6275-6284.

施文博, 蔡淳名, 李德威, 小野圭, 张剑波. ISO/IEC、美日中氢能技术标准化体系比较与建议[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(12): 6275-6284.

Figures/Tables 7

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技术标准分类	标准编号	标准名称
氢质量	ISO 14687：2019	氢燃料质量——产品规格
	ISO 19880-8：2019	气态氢——加氢站——第8部分：燃料质量控制
氢安全	ISO/TR 15916：2015	氢系统安全的基本要求
	ISO 16110-1：2017	燃料转化制氢装置——第1部分：安全
	ISO/TS 19883：2017	用于氢气分离和净化的变压吸附系统的安全性
氢制备与纯化	ISO 22734：2019	电解水的氢气发生器——工业、商业和住宅应用
氢储运与加注	ISO 13984：1999	液态氢——陆地车辆燃料加注系统接口
	ISO 13985：2006	液态氢——陆地车辆燃料罐
	ISO 16111：2018	可运输的储气装置——金属氢化物可逆吸附氢气
	ISO 17268：2020	气态氢陆地车辆燃料加注连接装置
	ISO 19880-1：2020	气态氢——加氢站——第1部分：基本要求
	ISO 19880-3：2018	气态氢——加氢站——第3部分：阀
	ISO 19880-5：2019	气态氢——加氢站——第5部分：软管和软管组件
	ISO 19881：2018	气态氢——陆地车辆燃料容器
	ISO 19882：2018	气态氢——车用压缩储氢容器的温度驱动的压力泄放装置
氢相关测试	ISO 16110-2：2010	燃料转化制氢装置——第2部分：性能测试方法
	ISO 26142：2010	氢气检测仪器——固定式应用

技术标准分类	标准编号	标准名称
氢质量	ISO 14687：2019	氢燃料质量——产品规格
	ISO 19880-8：2019	气态氢——加氢站——第8部分：燃料质量控制
氢安全	ISO/TR 15916：2015	氢系统安全的基本要求
	ISO 16110-1：2017	燃料转化制氢装置——第1部分：安全
	ISO/TS 19883：2017	用于氢气分离和净化的变压吸附系统的安全性
氢制备与纯化	ISO 22734：2019	电解水的氢气发生器——工业、商业和住宅应用
氢储运与加注	ISO 13984：1999	液态氢——陆地车辆燃料加注系统接口
	ISO 13985：2006	液态氢——陆地车辆燃料罐
	ISO 16111：2018	可运输的储气装置——金属氢化物可逆吸附氢气
	ISO 17268：2020	气态氢陆地车辆燃料加注连接装置
	ISO 19880-1：2020	气态氢——加氢站——第1部分：基本要求
	ISO 19880-3：2018	气态氢——加氢站——第3部分：阀
	ISO 19880-5：2019	气态氢——加氢站——第5部分：软管和软管组件
	ISO 19881：2018	气态氢——陆地车辆燃料容器
	ISO 19882：2018	气态氢——车用压缩储氢容器的温度驱动的压力泄放装置
氢相关测试	ISO 16110-2：2010	燃料转化制氢装置——第2部分：性能测试方法
	ISO 26142：2010	氢气检测仪器——固定式应用

国际组织或国家	标准数量/项	氢能技术标准体系
国际组织或国家	标准数量/项	基础与管理	氢质量	氢安全	氢工程建设	氢制备与纯化	氢储运与加注	氢能应用	氢相关测试
ISO/IEC	59	7	2	11	2	1	9	8	19
美国	147（31+116）	5（0+5）	7（2+5）	13（1+12）	8（3+5）	5（0+5）	32（8+24）	41（12+29）	36（5+31）
日本	82（27+55）	1（1+0）	7（2+5）	21（4+17）	8（1+7）	3（0+3）	13（1+12）	11（4+7）	18（14+4）
中国	131（101+30）	4（4+0）	6（6+0）	23（19+4）	11（2+9）	15（9+6）	12（10+2）	15（14+1）	45（37+8）

国际组织或国家	标准数量/项	氢能技术标准体系
国际组织或国家	标准数量/项	基础与管理	氢质量	氢安全	氢工程建设	氢制备与纯化	氢储运与加注	氢能应用	氢相关测试
ISO/IEC	59	7	2	11	2	1	9	8	19
美国	147（31+116）	5（0+5）	7（2+5）	13（1+12）	8（3+5）	5（0+5）	32（8+24）	41（12+29）	36（5+31）
日本	82（27+55）	1（1+0）	7（2+5）	21（4+17）	8（1+7）	3（0+3）	13（1+12）	11（4+7）	18（14+4）
中国	131（101+30）	4（4+0）	6（6+0）	23（19+4）	11（2+9）	15（9+6）	12（10+2）	15（14+1）	45（37+8）

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