Abstract:

Hydrogen energy is an important development direction of the global energy technology revolution. In the development process of the hydrogen energy industry, the development of efficient, safe and low-cost hydrogen energy storage technology is the necessary guarantee and key to the realization of large-scale hydrogen consumption. This paper reviews four current mainstream hydrogen energy storage technologies——high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, liquid organic hydrogen storage, and solid material hydrogen storage, analyzes and sorts out the advantages and disadvantages of these hydrogen storage technologies, discusses the latest research status and key challenges of various hydrogen storage methods, and prospects the optimization and development trend of hydrogen storage technology in the future. It can be found that in order to improve hydrogen storage, researchers focus on developing cost-effective, energy-dense hydrogen storage technologies. It is suggested that high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage should focus on the development of low-cost, high-performance carbon fiber composite materials to reduce the cost of type Ⅳ bottles; low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage should focus on reducing hydraulic costs and seeking cheap and readily available thermal insulation materials; for liquid organic hydrogen storage, seeking high-efficiency catalysts can greatly improve its hydrogen storage capacity; and solid material hydrogen storage should develop high-efficiency catalysts and seek ways to improve the interaction between hydrogen and materials. The government, enterprises and scientific research institutes should vigorously promote the research on hydrogen storage technology, accelerate the development of the hydrogen energy industry, and realize the goal of carbon neutrality as soon as possible.

Key words: hydrogen, hydrogen storage technology, hydrogen storage method, optimization, catalyst

摘要：

氢能是全球能源技术革命的重要发展方向，在氢能产业发展过程中，开发高效、安全和低成本的氢能储存技术是实现大规模用氢的必要保障和关键。本文综述了当前主流的四种氢能储存技术，即高压气态储氢、低温液态储氢、有机液态储氢、固体材料储氢的原理和技术特点，分析整理了这几种储氢技术的优缺点，讨论了各类储氢方式的最新研究现状和面临的关键挑战，并对未来储氢技术的优化和发展趋势进行了展望。可以发现，为了提高储氢量，研究人员都将重心放在开发具有成本效益、提高能量密度的储氢技术上。其中，高压气态储氢应着力开发低成本、高性能的碳纤维复合材料，降低Ⅳ型瓶的成本；低温液态储氢应把研究重点放在降低液压成本以及寻求廉价易得的保温材料上；对于有机液态储氢来说，寻求高效催化剂可以大幅度提高其储氢能力；固体材料储氢应着力研发高效催化剂，寻求可以提高氢气与材料相互作用力的途径。政府、企业及科研院应大力推进储氢技术的研究，加速氢能产业发展，早日实现碳中和目标。

关键词: 氢, 储氢技术, 储氢方式, 优化, 催化剂