Abstract:

Huge amounts of waste tires are difficult to degrade and they pollute the environment. Therefore, waste tires are thought as a kind of black pollution. Catalytic cracking is an important means for the treatment of waste tires, which can not only achieve efficient conversion and resource utilization but also obtain high value-added chemical products, such as monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, light olefins and limonene. In this paper, the distribution characteristics of catalytic cracking products of waste tires are discussed from the aspects of physical structure and chemical composition, catalytic cracking process and characteristics of cracking products, reactor types and characteristics, catalyst types and functions, and process conditions. By comparing the effects of reactors, catalysts and process conditions on the product distribution, the existing problems for the industrialization of catalytic cracking of waste tires are further analyzed. According to the current research situation of catalytic cracking of waste tires, it is proposed that reactors and supporting processes suitable for large-scale treatment should be designed, and catalysts with high stability and high selectivity for specific products should be developed at the same time. The resource utilization of waste tires characterized by low energy consumption, high conversion and high added value is then realized.

Key words: waste tires, pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, catalyst, recovery, environment

摘要：

废旧轮胎因产量高、难降解、污染环境，被称为最难处理的“黑色垃圾”之一。催化裂解是一种处理废旧轮胎的重要手段，可以实现其高效转化与资源化利用，同时得到高附加值的化学产品，如单环芳烃、低碳烯烃与柠檬烯等。本文基于轮胎的物理结构与化学组成、催化裂解过程与裂解产物特征、反应器类型与特征、催化剂类型与作用原理、工艺条件等问题综述了废旧轮胎的催化裂解产物分布规律。通过对比反应器、催化剂与工艺条件对产物分布的影响，进一步分析了当前实现废旧轮胎催化裂解工业化的问题，并基于当前废旧轮胎催化裂解的研究现状，提出应集中设计适应于大规模处理的反应器与配套工艺，同时开发高稳定性与对特定产物高选择性的催化剂，从而实现对废旧轮胎以低能耗、高转化、高价值为特点的资源化利用。

关键词: 废旧轮胎, 热解, 催化裂解, 催化剂, 回收, 环境