Progress in unidirectional water/oil transport porous materials based on design of wettability gradient

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1241

Abstract

Abstract:

Recently, unidirectional water/oil transport materials with unique spontaneous liquid motion have become a hot issue. As a new type of materials, unidirectional water/oil transport porous materials can be used in various fields such as fog collection, oil-water separation, microfluidic transmission and functional fabrics. Compared with normal porous membranes with homogeneous wettability, the wettability gradient of unidirectional liquid transport three-dimensional porous materials can be accurately designed in the surface and along the material thickness, which can provide driving force, promote the directional transportation of liquids, and improve the transport efficiency without additional energy. This paper gave a comprehensive review to the recent studies about unidirectional water/oil transport porous materials with wettability gradient based on the principles of chemical gradient, roughness gradient and pore size gradient. In each part, the preparation, types of transporting liquid and unidirectional transport process were discussed according to eight methods. Moreover, the application of this kind of materials in moisture-wicking fabrics, fog collection and oil-water separation were summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects in design and application of this kind of materials were highlighted.

Key words: unidirectional water/oil transport, wettability, chemical gradient, roughness gradient, pore size gradient

摘要：

近年来，具有独特的自发性液体运动的单向导水/油材料已成为研究热点。单向导水/油多孔材料是一种可用于雾水收集、油水分离、微流体传输以及功能织物等各种领域的新型材料。与普通的均匀润湿性多孔材料相比，具有单向液体传输特性的三维多孔材料通过表面和厚度方向的润湿性梯度精确设计，可以提供驱动力，促进液体的定向输送，提高液体传输效率，且能减少能源消耗。本文主要从化学梯度的调控、粗糙度梯度的构造、孔径梯度的设计这三种思路出发，按八种不同制备方法详细介绍了基于润湿性梯度的单向导水/油多孔材料的制备、输送液体的类型以及单向传输特性，同时概述了单向导水/油多孔材料在吸湿排汗纺织品、雾收集、油水分离等方面的实际应用，并提出了单向导水/油多孔材料在设计和使用方面所面临的挑战和未来发展前景。

关键词: 单向导水/油, 润湿性, 化学梯度, 粗糙度梯度, 孔径梯度

CLC Number:

TB34

XIONG Lu, SHI Lei, WANG Wenyu, JIN Xin, NIU Jiarong, ZHU Zhengtao, LIN Tong. Progress in unidirectional water/oil transport porous materials based on design of wettability gradient[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(5): 2526-2536.

熊路, 石磊, 王闻宇, 金欣, 牛家嵘, 朱正涛, 林童. 基于润湿性梯度设计的单向导水/油多孔材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(5): 2526-2536.

Figures/Tables 8

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