Abstract:

The use of new adsorbent materials to adsorb and separate CO₂ and catalytically convert them into high value-added products, which has the advantages of green and clean, and is one of the important technological choices for the global response to climate change in the future. However, the CO₂ capture process in a complex environment has the problems of inefficient adsorption and separation and high cost. This article briefly describes the latest research progress of CO₂ adsorption materials and effective ways of resource utilization, mainly introducing the influence of the physical and chemical properties of adsorption materials such as metal-organic framework (MOF), molecular sieves, porous carbon materials and covalent organic framework (COF) on adsorption capacity and selectivity. From the perspective of catalytic conversion, the synthesis of small molecule compounds such as formic acid, methanol and olefins are discussed. Based on the comprehensive treatment of CO₂ waste gas, the feasibility of hydrogenating flue gas and blast furnace gas in the iron and steel industry is discussed, which opend up new ideas in the scientific and technological progress of CO₂ capture and conversion. It is prospected for the cleaner and more efficient use of CO₂, and the realization of low-carbon, intelligent and multi-energy integration.

Key words: CO₂ capture, porous material, hydrogenation, hydrocarbons, flue gas

摘要：

新型吸附材料对CO₂进行吸附分离并催化转化为高附加值产品，具有绿色清洁的优点，是未来全球应对气候变化的重要技术选择之一，但在复杂环境CO₂的捕集过程中存在无法高效吸附分离以及成本较高的问题。本文简述了CO₂吸附材料最新研究进展以及资源化利用的有效途径，主要介绍了金属有机骨架（MOF）、分子筛、多孔碳材料、共价有机骨架（COF）等吸附材料的物化性质等对吸附量和选择性的影响，从催化转化的角度对合成甲酸、甲醇以及烯烃等小分子化合物进行了论述。基于含CO₂废气的综合治理问题，探讨了将钢铁行业中的烟道气以及高炉煤气等进行加氢的可行性，在CO₂捕集和转化的科学技术进步上开拓了新思路，对CO₂更加清洁高效利用，实现低碳化、智能化多能融合进行展望。

关键词: 二氧化碳捕集, 多孔材料, 加氢, 碳氢化合物, 烟道气