Abstract:

Viscosity-temperature characteristics is a key index of lubricating oil. Viscosity-temperature characteristics of lubricating oil were improved by added viscosity index improvers so that lubricating oil have a low enough viscosity at low temperatures to flow and thicken viscosity at high temperatures to get a useful viscosity. With the increasingly international stringent regulations and requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction, low-viscosity and energy-saving lubricating oil have begun to attract the attention of lube oil manufacturer. Polymethacrylate polymers (PMA) are rejuvenated and have attracted people’s attention. The demand for PMA viscosity index improvers in lubricating oil formulations is increasing. Although PMA have low viscosity, high viscosity index and excellent low temperature performance, they have poor thermal stability, and shear stability. In order to improve the performance of PMA, it is necessary to introduce different olefin monomers to copolymerize with alkyl methacrylate. This article introduced the research status of PMA viscosity index improvers by domestic and foreign researchers, and summarized them based on the classification of different functional olefin monomers. The effects of different olefin monomers on the properties of PMA viscosity index improvers were analyzed. By introducing monomers contained polar functional group, alkyl olefin monomers, aryl olefin monomers and plant-based olefin monomers, PMA were endowed with dispersion, shear stability, wear resistance, friction reduction and biodegradability. This article provided guidance and reference for the development of new multifunctional viscosity index improvers.

Key words: viscosity index improvers, olefins, viscosity-temperature characteristics, dispersibility, friction-reduction and anti-wear properties, shear stability, biodegradability

摘要：

黏温性能是润滑油的一项关键指标，在润滑油中添加黏度指数改进剂，可改善油品的黏温性能，使其低温下保持良好流动性，高温下保持适当黏度。随着国际上对节能减排的日益严苛，低黏度节能型润滑油开始引起润滑油厂商的重视，聚甲基丙烯酸酯（PMA）又重新焕发活力，引起了人们的重视。PMA类黏度指数改进剂在润滑油配方中需求逐渐增多。虽然PMA类黏度指数改进剂具有低的黏度、高的黏度指数、优异的低温性能，但是存在着热稳定性和剪切稳定性差的问题。为了改善PMA的性能，需要引入不同的烯烃单体和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚。本文介绍了国内外PMA类黏度指数改进剂的研究状况，并以不同功能的烯烃单体为分类依据进行总结，分析了不同烯烃单体对PMA类黏度指数改进剂性能的影响。通过引入含极性官能团单体、烷基烯烃单体、芳基烯烃单体、植物基烯烃单体等方法，赋予PMA分散性能、剪切稳定性能、抗磨性能、减摩性能、生物降解性能。

关键词: 黏度指数改进剂, 烯烃, 黏温性能, 分散性能, 减摩抗磨性能, 剪切稳定性, 生物降解性能