Abstract:

Under the goal of "peak carbon dioxide emissions, carbon neutral", green hydrogen has become a promising clean energy source. The technology of producing green hydrogen by alkaline electrolysis of water has the highest degree of commercialization, but because of the slow kinetic process of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the high overpotential, it has become the main bottleneck restricting the efficiency of electrolytic water electrode. There is still much room to improve the OER performance of nickel mesh or nickel foam electrode widely used in commercial electrolytic cells. It is beneficial to improve the electrode efficiency and reduce the cost of hydrogen production by compounding nickel-based catalytic functional layer on it and developing new high-activity oxygen evolution electrode. Electrodeposition technology has the advantages of simple process and mild conditions, which is beneficial to scale up the production of self-supporting electrodes, and has become one of the ideal processes for industrial production of OER electrodes. In this paper, the research progress of nickel-based oxygen evolution electrode prepared by electrodeposition technology and used in alkaline electrolysis of water in recent years is reviewed. Nickel-based (hydrogen) oxides, bimetals, multi-metals and nonmetal-doped nickel-based catalysts are prepared on nickel mesh or nickel foam substrate by electrodeposition technology as catalytic functional layers. The OER performance of nickel-based self-supporting electrodes is improved by enhancing the conductivity of catalytic functional layers and the synergistic effect between metals, increasing the number of active sites, reducing the diffusion path and changing the surface atomic configuration. In addition, the application of nickel-based self-supporting electrode in water electrolysis field is clarified, and the challenges of electrodeposition method are pointed out.

Key words: electrolysis, hydrogen production, catalyst, nickel-based self-supporting electrode, oxygen evolution reaction, electrodeposition method

摘要：

在“碳达峰、碳中和”的目标下，绿氢成为极具前景的清洁能源。碱性电解水制取绿氢技术商业化程度最高，但由于析氧反应（OER）动力学过程缓慢且需要较高的过电位，成为制约电解水电极效率的主要瓶颈。商业电解槽中广泛使用的镍网或泡沫镍电极的OER性能仍有很大提升空间，在其上复合镍基催化功能层，开发新型高活性的析氧电极有利于提高电极效率，降低制氢成本。电沉积技术具有工艺简单、条件温和、利于放大生产自支撑电极的优势，成为工业化生产OER电极的理想工艺之一。本文综述了近年来利用电沉积技术制备的镍基析氧电极并用于碱性电解水的研究进展。采用电沉积技术在镍网或泡沫镍基底上制备镍（氢）氧化物、双金属及多元金属以及非金属掺杂的镍基催化剂作为催化功能层，通过增强催化功能层的电导率及金属间的协同作用、增加活性位点数量、减小扩散路径以及改变表面原子构型等方式提高镍基自支撑电极的OER性能。最后，展望了镍基自支撑电极在电解水领域的应用，同时指出了电沉积法制备电极材料存在的挑战。

关键词: 电解, 制氢, 催化剂, 镍基自支撑电极, 析氧反应, 电沉积法