Battery heat dissipation performance based on composite phase change material-heat pipe

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0032

Abstract

Abstract:

For the 18650 ternary lithium battery in the high rate cycle charge and discharge, the battery pack temperature is higher than its safe operation range due to the untimely heat dissipation, which causes the safety problems such as spontaneous combustion. A new composite phase change material (CPCM) of paraffin-hexadecanoic acid was prepared, and the heat dissipation mode of the composite phase change material-heat pipe (CPCM-HP) coupling was proposed. When paraffin-hexadecanoic acid mixing ratio was 3∶1, the best heat dissipation effect was achieved, possessing the lowest phase change temperature of 43.3℃, which was reduced by 11.8% relative to pure paraffin. Under 3C discharge, the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of CPCM-HP were reduced by 7.1℃ and 1.4℃, respectively, compared with CPCM heat dissipation system. For CPCM-HP heat dissipation mode at 30℃ under the “3C discharge-1C charge” mode, the battery pack was maintained at about 46.5℃, the maximum temperature did not exceed 50℃ during the whole cycle, and the maximum temperature difference was controlled below 1.5℃, that is, the battery pack was always kept within the safe temperature range. The experimental results showed that CPCM-HP has better heat dissipation performance than CPCM.

Key words: battery heat dissipation, ternary lithium battery, paraffin, hexadecanoic acid, composite phase change material, heat pipe

摘要：

针对18650三元锂电池在高倍率循环充放电时，电池组散热不及时导致电池组温度高于电池安全运行范围，引发自燃等安全问题，制备出石蜡-十六酸新型复合相变材料，并提出复合相变材料-热管（CPCM-HP）耦合的散热模式。当复合相变材料石蜡-十六酸混合比为3∶1时，散热效果最好，具备最低的相变温度43.3℃，相对纯石蜡降低了11.8%。3C放电时，CPCM-HP与复合相变材料（CPCM）散热系统相比，最高温度和最大温差分别降低了7.1℃、1.4℃。CPCM-HP散热模式在环境温度30℃，“3C放电-1C充电”模式下，维持电池组在46.5℃左右工作，并且整个循环过程中，最高温度不超过50℃，最大温差也控制在1.5℃以下，电池组始终保持在安全温度范围内。实验结果表明CPCM-HP比CPCM具有更好的散热性能。

关键词: 电池散热, 三元锂电池, 石蜡, 十六酸, 复合相变材料, 热管

CLC Number:

TK124

HUANG Longteng, QI Yingxia, WANG Yucheng, JIANG Shengjun. Battery heat dissipation performance based on composite phase change material-heat pipe[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(11): 5680-5688.

黄龙腾, 祁影霞, 王誉程, 姜盛军. 基于复合相变材料-热管耦合的电池散热性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(11): 5680-5688.

Figures/Tables 19

编号	PW-PA质量比	熔化过程				凝固过程
编号	PW-PA质量比	面积/J·g^-1	起始点/℃	峰值/℃	终止点/℃	面积/J·g^-1	起始点/℃	峰值/℃	终止点/℃
S1	100∶0	154.1	38.7	49.1	52.7	-147.4	21.6	28.6	37.1
S2	0∶100	220.9	61.4	65.8	68.0	-220.8	52.2	58.9	55.0
SS1	66∶34	200.7	36.0	46.7	52.7	-196.5	19.3	26.9	35.9
SS2	69∶31	198.5	35.4	44.6	52.6	-200.5	23.0	28.8	35.7
SS3	72∶28	197.5	33.5	44.4	49.6	-199.6	22.9	28.3	35.6
SS4	75∶25	194.3	34.7	43.3	46.1	-199.8	23.9	29.1	35.7
SS5	78∶22	191.3	38.2	44.3	47.9	-193.4	23.5	29.4	36.4
SS6	81∶19	184.5	40.2	44.8	49.4	-186.5	22.0	28.9	36.2
SS7	84∶16	178.7	36.2	44.9	48.1	-182.4	22.8	29.1	36.0

放电倍率	不同环境温度下的温升/℃
放电倍率	15℃	25℃	40℃
0.5C	5.1	4.3	2.8
1C	9	8	6.7
2C	23	22.5	21.8
3C	36	38	42

石蜡-十六酸质量比	有效热管理时间 /s	稳定工作温度范围 /℃	最高温度 /℃
84∶16	340	42.8~45.2	47.5
81∶19	385	42.2~44.6	47.1
78∶22	410	41.8~44.1	46.1
75∶25	400	41.9~43.7	46.0
72∶28	395	42.1~44.5	46.4
69∶31	396	42.3~44.4	46.9
66∶34	391	43.2~45.6	47.7

不确定度来源	不确定度	除数因子	标准误差
标准铂电阻	5.0	1	5.0
传感器时间漂移	2.4	$3$	1.4
测量过程的温度波动	2.0	1	2.0
合成标准不确定度			5.56
扩展不确定度(k=2)			11.12

不确定度来源	不确定度	除数因子	标准误差
标准铂电阻	5.0	1	5.0
传感器时间漂移	2.4	$3$	1.4
测量过程的温度波动	2.0	1	2.0
合成标准不确定度			5.56
扩展不确定度(k=2)			11.12

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