Abstract:

Special morphology nanofibers were prepared with the in-depth study of the electrospinning technology and process mechanism. It had larger specific surface area and higher porosity than ordinary nanofibers, as well as the versatility given to fibers by doping with various organic/inorganic materials. Its research had penetrated into many fields such as energy and environment, catalytic filtration, bioengineering, food safety, etc., and it was one of the hotspots in the research of nanomaterials fields. However, there were still some problems need to be solved, such as imperfect research system, high difficulty in mass production, poor reproducibility and so on. In this review, the forming mechanism of special morphology nanofiber was highlighted, the unique morphological structure and excellent properties of special morphology nanofiber were summarized, and its application research in the fields of particle penetration, particle interception and transportation were reviewed in detail. In addition, the limitation of special morphology nanofibers was discussed from research and preparation to application. A complete research system for special morphology nanofibers should be established and the functional nanofiber membranes with special morphology should be also developed for various application fields to promote the industrialization of special morphology nanofibers from the perspective of environmental protection and stability.

Key words: electrospinning, special morphology nanofiber, particle penetration, particle interception, particle transportation

摘要：

特殊形貌的纳米纤维可以通过控制静电纺丝过程工艺及参数条件来制备。特殊形貌的纳米纤维具有比普通纳米纤维更大的比表面积和更高的孔隙率，以及掺杂各类有机/无机材料后赋予纤维的多功能性，使其应用研究已经深入能源环境、催化过滤、生物工程、食品安全等诸多领域，成为纳米材料研究的热点领域之一。但特殊形貌纳米纤维存在研究体系不完善、量产化难度高、重现性差等问题。本文通过对多种特殊形貌纳米纤维的成形机理进行阐述，介绍了特殊形貌纳米纤维独特的形貌结构与性能优势，对其在粒子透过、粒子拦截与传输等领域的应用研究进行了概述。此外，本文对特殊形貌的纳米纤维从研究制备到应用过程中面临的局限性进行了讨论，提出建立完善的特殊形貌纳米纤维研究体系，针对应用领域开发功能性特殊形貌纳米纤维膜，从环保性、稳定性角度出发，推进特殊形貌纳米纤维的产业化发展进程。

关键词: 静电纺丝, 特殊形貌纳米纤维, 粒子透过, 粒子拦截, 粒子传输