Abstract:

PAN-based nanofibers prepared by electrospinning have large specific surface area, high mechanical strength, excellent nanostructure and good chemical stability. Based on PAN nanofibers, electrode materials for multi-directional design and synthesis show excellent electrochemical performance in supercapacitors and have broad application prospects. In this paper, according to the classification of electrode materials, the research progress of PAN-based porous structure electrode materials, heteroatom doped electrode materials and electrode materials composited with the three electrode materials including carbon-based materials, conductive polymers and metal oxides were reviewed in detail. These studies showed that the construction of pore structure, activation treatment and nitrogen doping can improve the specific surface area, electrochemical activity, wettability and graphitization of PAN-based carbon nanofibers. Carbon-based materials, metal oxides, conductive polymers were compounded with PAN-based carbon nanofibers. It can synergize the advantages of each component and make up for its own shortcomings, which greatly improved the specific capacitance, conductivity and cycle stability of the composite electrode material, and provided the possibility of preparing high-performance supercapacitors. Finally, the problems in the above research were proposed and the future development prospect of PAN-based electrode materials in supercapacitors was prospected.

Key words: supercapacitor, electrospinning, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), carbon nanofiber, electrode

摘要：

静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈（PAN）基纳米纤维具有较大的比表面积、较高的机械强度、优异的纳米结构及良好的化学稳定性。以PAN纳米纤维为基础，进行多方位设计与合成的电极材料在超级电容器中表现出优异的电化学性能，具有广阔的应用前景。本文根据电极材料分类，主要综述了近年来PAN基多孔结构电极材料、杂原子掺杂电极材料以及与碳系材料、导电聚合物、金属氧化物复合等电极材料的研究进展；讨论了电极材料的结构特征、制备方法及其提高电化学性能的原理；最后指出了上述研究中存在的问题，并对未来PAN基电极材料在超级电容器的发展前景进行了展望。

关键词: 超级电容器, 静电纺丝, 聚丙烯腈, 碳纳米纤维, 电极