Abstract: Droplet evaporation is a complex process that is accompanied by complex changes but not uniform and well recognized, and this is an important research hotspot and plays a key role in many scientific applications. This paper introduces the historical research process of droplet evaporation, and this research results of three different types of droplets evaporation processes are reviewed, such as pure droplets, binary mixed solution droplets and polymer solution droplets. The influencing factors of droplet evaporation and sediment after evaporation were analyzed, and the application of droplet research results in real life is briefly introduced. Existing studies have shown that the evaporation process of different types of droplets is affected by a variety of factors, such as nanoparticles in solution, ambient temperature, pressure and so on. And these factors also influence the pattern and size of the sediment. Currently, researchers have developed a typical droplet evaporation process (contact line fixation and contact Angle fixation mode), and the basic theory of droplet evaporation has been discussed. For some common binary and multi-component solutions, researchers have found that their evaporation process differ from the pure solution evaporation process, and have done a lot of research and discussion in the scientific community to establish a mathematical model. Finally, the research results, applications, and directions for future development of droplet evaporation in the medical field are highlighted. For example, the nano-layers of sediments after evaporation of biological droplets are compared with normal sediments to detect diseases. Finally, the recent progress, potential and future development requirements of droplet evaporation theory are summarized and forecasted.

Key words: evaporation, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, deposition

摘要： 液滴蒸发过程是伴随着复杂变化但又没有统一且充分认知的的过程，是目前一个重要的研究热点，在许多科学应用中起到关键作用。本文介绍了液滴蒸发的历史研究过程，综述了3种不同类型液滴，即纯液滴、二元混合溶液液滴和聚合物溶液液滴蒸发过程的研究成果，分析了液滴蒸发过程中和蒸发结束后沉积物的影响因素，简述了液滴的研究成果在实际生活中的应用。现有研究表明，不同类型液滴的蒸发过程受到多种因素的影响，比如溶液中的纳米粒子、环境温度和压力等。这些因素还会影响到沉积物的图案和大小。目前，研究人员已经研究出典型的液滴蒸发过程（接触线固定和接触角固定模式），讨论出液滴蒸发基本理论。对一些常见的二元及多元溶液，研究人员已经发现它们与纯溶液蒸发过程的不同之处，并且已经在科学界进行了大量的研究及讨论，建立出数学模型。最后重点介绍了液滴蒸发在医学领域的研究成果、应用和未来发展的方向，比如通过生物液滴蒸发后的沉积物的纳米层，跟正常沉积物对比结果来检测疾病等。最后对液滴蒸发理论的现状、潜力和未来发展需求进行了总结和展望。

关键词: 蒸发, 纳米粒子, 纳米技术, 沉积物