Abstract: Biochar，a kind of multifunctional materials，has drawn much attention in recent years. In this paper，the main organic waste as feedstock and the main process for biochar production were reviewed. The physicochemical properties of biochar such as the element content，alkalinity，surface characterization and the microscopic pore structure were introduced. Also，the potential application of biochar in the field of agriculture and environment was summarized，such as the utilization of soil conditioner for improving fertility，enhancing carbon fixation and reducing greenhouse gas emission，and as an effective adsorbent for removing heavy metals and organic pollutants from wastewater. Finally，the future research direction of biochar was forecasted，which indicated that more studies should be focused on large-scale，efficient and low-cost production of biochar as soon as possible. Also，the specific surface area of biochar as the alternative of activated carbon should be enhanced in the field of material and process. Moreover，further investigation on the mechanism of improvement and restoration of soil，the promotion of growth and production of crops as well as the greenhouse gas reduction by the biochar is highly desirable，so as to provide the data support from the large amount and long-term experiments.

Key words: organic waste, biochar, pyrolysis, soil amendment, adsorbent

摘要： 生物质炭作为一种多功能性材料正逐步受到人们的广泛关注。本文综述了以废弃物为原料制备生物质炭，给出了制备生物质炭的主要工艺，并对生物质炭的主要物理化学性质如元素组成、碱度、表面特性和孔隙结构进行了介绍。然后对生物质炭在农业和环境领域中的应用做了相应介绍，例如用作土壤改良剂提高土壤肥力、增加碳固定、减少温室气体排放，作为一种高效吸附剂同时去处污水中重金属及有机污染物等。最后，对今后生物质炭的研究方向作出了展望，指出应继续研究尽快实现生物质炭的大量、高效、廉价生产，从原料和工艺方面着手进一步提高生物质炭的比表面积，使其成为活性炭的替代品，同时进一步研究对土壤的改良和修复、对农作物生长和产量的促进以及对温室气体的减排作用的机理，并提供大面积的长期的实验数据支持。

关键词: 有机废弃物, 生物质炭, 热解, 土壤改良, 吸附剂