Abstract:

Egg-shell type catalysts have reduced metal usage, enhanced activity or selectivity for specific reactions such as diffusion limited reactions and irreversible cascade reactions, and are beneficial for removing excess heat during reaction. It is of great significance to summarize previous research progress in order to better study and develop egg-shell catalysts. This review summarizes the preparation methods and influencing factors of egg-shell catalysts, and their catalytic performance in a series of reactions, including Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, hydrogenation (selective hydrogenation, hydrogenation desulfurization), hydrogen production (ammonia decomposition, methane steam reforming, methanol reforming), production of vinyl acetate via ethylene gas-phase reaction, dimethyl oxalate synthesis, methane partial oxidation, and decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The modeling studies are also analyzed. To meet the needs of various reactions for egg-shell catalysts, it is proposed to start from the design and preparation of practical supports, especially for those of hundreds of micrometers, by establishing adsorption models for metal precursors in various porous supports, developing new metal loading methods, improving the dispersion of metal components, and effectively controlling the shell thickness.

Key words: catalyst, catalysis, hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrogen production

摘要：

蛋壳型催化剂不仅能节省金属的用量，还能提高特定反应（如扩散受限反应和不可逆串联反应）活性或选择性，有利于移除反应中多余的热量。为了更好地研究开发蛋壳型催化剂，对以往研究进展的归纳和总结具有重要意义。本文归纳了蛋壳型催化剂的制备方法和影响因素，系统地汇总了涉及蛋壳型催化剂的一系列反应和催化性能，包括费-托合成反应、加氢反应（选择加氢、加氢脱硫）、制氢反应（氨分解、甲烷蒸汽重整、甲醇重整）、乙烯气相法制醋酸乙烯反应、草酸二甲酯合成反应、甲烷部分氧化反应、双氧水分解反应等。概述了与蛋壳型催化剂相关的模型研究进展。提出应该从实用载体的设计和制备出发，尤其是百微米级载体，建立各种多孔载体中金属前体的吸附模型，开发金属前体的新型负载方法，提高金属组分的分散度，有效控制壳层厚度，以满足各种反应对蛋壳型催化剂的需求。

关键词: 催化剂, 催化, 加氢, 加氢脱硫, 制氢