Abstract:

Silver nanoparticles have unique and excellent functional properties, which have important research significance and application value in fields such as food and medicine. Chemical reduction is a commonly used and convenient method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles, but traditional chemical synthesis can cause harm to human health and the environment. Polysaccharides contain rich functional groups and can be used as excellent stabilizers for silver nanoparticles through adsorption, embedding and immobilization. Their reducing functional groups can also be used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles under alkaline, microwave, light and modification assisted conditions, playing a dual role of reduction and stabilization in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. This article reviewed the mechanisms by which polysaccharides exerted reducing and stabilizing effects, as well as the effects of polysaccharide chain conformation, molecular weight and concentration on the properties of silver nanoparticles during synthesis. The application effects and outstanding advantages of polysaccharide-based silver nanoparticles materials were summarized, and the production, preparation, stability and cost-effectiveness of the materials were discussed. The prospects for raw material acquisition, safety and functional enhancement of the materials were also discussed with the aim of providing theoretical references for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using polysaccharides and regulating their properties to promote the application of silver nanoparticles materials.

Key words: silver nanoparticles, polysaccharides, green synthesis, stability, reduction, process control

摘要：

纳米银具有独特和优异的功能特性，在食品和医学等领域具有重要研究意义和应用价值。化学还原是纳米银合成常用的简便方法，但传统化学合成会对人体和环境造成危害。多糖含有丰富官能团，可通过吸附包埋和固定化作为纳米银优良的稳定剂，其还原性基团还可在碱性、微波、光照和改性的辅助条件下用于合成纳米银，能在纳米银绿色合成中发挥还原和稳定的双重作用。本文综述了多糖发挥还原和稳定作用的机制，以及合成过程中多糖链构象、分子量和浓度对纳米银性质的影响，总结了多糖基纳米银材料的应用效果和突出优势，同时讨论了材料的生产制备、稳定性和成本效益，展望了材料的原料获取、安全性和功能强化，以期为利用多糖绿色合成纳米银和调控其性质，促进纳米银材料的应用提供理论参考。

关键词: 纳米银, 多糖, 绿色合成, 稳定, 还原, 过程控制