Abstract:

The large-scale discharge of oily waste water poses a great threat to freshwater resources and human health. In this paper, superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic chitosan and nano-attapulgite (CS-APT) modified NF materials (CS-APT/NF) were prepared by depositing chitosan (CS) and nano-attapulgite (APT) hybrid films onto nylon fabric (NF) by a simple and green aqueous phase self-assembly method. The wettability, structure and composition were characterized by contact angle measurement, FTIR, SEM, EDS and XPS. The underwater oil wettability was optimized by adjusting the alternating dipping times in CS and APT solutions. The results showed that the underwater superoleophobicity of the materials was the best after 3 cycles of dipping and the contact angle of carbon tetrachloride reached 152°. After harsh scraping andsoaking in different solvents and corrosive (acid, alkali) solutions, the underwater superoleophobicity of the prepared NF did not change significantly. The oil-water separation experiments results indicated that the modified NF had good separation performance for different oils in water, and the separation efficiencies and the water fluxes were higher than 98% and 32852.2L/(m²·h), respectively. This study was expected to provide reference for the green preparation of polymer-based separation materials for the treatment of oily waste water.

Key words: interface, surface, waste water, nylon fabric, nano-attapulgite, superoleophobicity

摘要：

含油废水的大规模排放给淡水资源和人类健康带来了巨大的威胁。通过简单、绿色的水相自组装法将壳聚糖-纳米凹凸棒晶（CS-APT）杂化膜沉积到尼龙织物（NF）上，制备了超亲水/水下超疏油的CS-APT改性尼龙织物（CS-APT/NF）材料。利用接触角测量仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线谱仪（EDS）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）等对其润湿性、结构和组成进行了表征。通过调整在CS和APT溶液中的交替浸渍次数优化了其水下油润湿性，结果表明3次浸渍后材料的水下超疏油性最佳，四氯化碳接触角达到152°。经过苛刻刮擦以及不同溶剂、腐蚀性（酸、碱）溶液浸泡处理后，所得NF的水下超疏油性未发生明显变化。油水分离实验结果表明，改性NF对水中不同油有良好的分离性能，分离效率高于98%，水通量达到32852.2L/(m²·h)以上。该研究有望为含油废水处理用聚合物基分离材料的绿色制备提供参考。

关键词: 界面, 表面, 废水, 尼龙织物, 纳米凹凸棒晶, 超疏油