Abstract:

Over the past forty years, supercritical fluid (SCF) technology has made significant progress in both fundamental research and engineering applications. In recent years, SCF technology, as a green, clean and efficient technology, has successfully applied in many fields such as extraction, separation, chemical reaction, materials preparation and drying. In addition, it has also showed potential applications in spraying, waterless dyeing, power and extractions of oils and gases. SCF technology is expected to play an important role in realizing the national "dual carbon" strategy. The SCF that most commonly used is carbon dioxide (CO₂), which is also the best use of CO₂. SCF spraying technology can realize low or no emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and reduce or avoid the use of organic solvents; SCF waterless dyeing technology can decrease the discharge of dye-containing waste water and save water resources; The scCO₂ fracturing technology can facilitate CO₂ sequestration and enhance shale gas extraction; SCF foaming technology can produce lightweight functional polyester materials; SCF drying technology can retain the original structure and shape of the material to the maximum extent. Additionally, supercritical CO₂ power generation technology can improve the current state of thermal power generation. Under the background of dual carbon, to promote the enthusiasm of academia and industry in China for SCF technology research and development, this paper summarized the new SCF technologies in various fields, their current application status, and development prospects, and points out the key directions for SCF technology applications in different fields.

Key words: dual carbon, supercritical fluid, carbon dioxide, equipment, sustainability

摘要：

超临界流体（SCF）技术经过四十多年的发展，无论基础研究还是工程应用均取得了巨大进步。近年来，SCF技术作为一种绿色、清洁、高效技术，已成功在萃取、分离、化学反应、材料制备以及干燥等诸多领域得到广泛应用。此外，还在喷涂、无水染色、电力和油气开采方面展现出应用潜力。SCF技术有望为实现国家“双碳”目标发挥作用。最常用的SCF是超临界CO₂，这也是对CO₂的最好利用途径。SCF喷涂技术可避免或者降低挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放，不用或少用有机溶剂；SCF无水染色技术可以节约水资源，避免印染废水排放；页岩气的超临界CO₂压裂技术既可以实现CO₂固存，又可以提高采收率；SCF发泡技术可以生产轻量化功能聚酯；SCF干燥技术可以最大限度保留物料原始结构和形态。此外，超临界CO₂发电技术还可以改善电力生产现状。“双碳”背景下，为推动我国学界和业界对SCF技术研发的积极性，本文总结了各行业SCF技术现状和发展前景，指出了未来SCF技术应重视的方向。

关键词: 双碳, 超临界流体, 二氧化碳, 装备, 可持续性