Abstract:

In recent years, the increasingly severe energy crisis and environmental pollution have become great challenges to all mankind, so it is urgent to accelerate energy transition and explore low-carbon, clean, renewable energy sources. As an important category of biomass resources, agricultural waste is abundant and has the dual attributes of environmental pollution risk and resource utilization value, while using appropriate conversion technologies to treat this waste can significantly enhance its economic and environmental benefits. Among numerous conversion technologies, hydrothermal carbonization has been the focus of attention in recent years. Based on the current management and disposal status of agricultural waste, this paper introduces the reaction mechanism of hydrothermal carbonization and the subsequent treatment and utilization value of its products, and conducts an in-depth discussion on the specific applications of hydrochar. It is found that all potential fields are continuously expanding in both depth and breadth, but there are still limitations, and large-scale industrialization has not yet been achieved. Therefore, future efforts should focus on exploring the value-added pathways for gas and liquid phase products, improving the theoretical system of reaction mechanism, optimizing and upgrading the modification processes. So that we can fully explore the key role of hydrothermal technology for the resource utilization of agricultural waste, with a view to provide insights for the development and design of related process technologies and ultimately realize the efficient and comprehensive utilization of agricultural waste.

Key words: agricultural waste, hydrothermal carbonization, hydrochar, high-value utilization, biomass

摘要：

近年来，日益严峻的能源危机和环境污染问题已成为全人类面临的巨大挑战，加快能源转型，探索低碳清洁的可再生能源刻不容缓。作为一类重要的生物质资源，农业废弃物数量大，具有环境污染风险和资源利用价值的双重属性，而利用适当的转化技术对农业废弃物进行处理，可显著提升其经济与环境效益。在众多转化技术中，水热炭化是近年来人们关注的重点。本文基于农业废弃物的管理处置现状，介绍了水热炭化反应机制及其产物的后续处理与利用价值，并针对水热炭的具体应用展开深入探讨。分析发现，各潜在领域均不断向深度、广度拓展，但仍存在局限，尚未实现全面工业化。因此，未来可从气、液相产物增值途径探索、反应机理理论体系完善、改性工艺优化升级等角度出发，充分挖掘水热技术在农业废弃物资源化利用过程中可发挥的关键作用，以期为相关工艺技术的开发设计提供启发，并最终实现农业废弃物的高效综合利用。

关键词: 农业废弃物, 水热炭化, 水热炭, 高值化利用, 生物质