Compatibility and performance analysis of waste plastic modified asphalts: A review

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0318

Abstract

Abstract:

Recycling of waste plastics for asphalt modification is important to achieve the resourceful use of waste plastics and improve base asphalt properties. Therefore, it has received wide attention in the field of waste plastics processing and asphalt pavement. This paper focused on the compatibility and the performance of waste plastic modified asphalt. Current situation of waste plastics and its application in the field of asphalts was systematically described. The characterization and enhancement methods of compatibility of waste plastic modified asphalt were summarized. Moreover, the research results of high and low temperature properties, rheological, fatigue and aging properties of waste plastic modified asphalt were reviewed and analyzed. Comprehensive asphalt performance and the research status put forward the research recommendations. In the future, the mechanism of waste plastics used in asphalt modification should be clarified through multi-scale methods. The constitutive relationship between waste plastic structure and asphalt properties should be investigated. In addition, low-cost ways to improve the compatibility and low-temperature performance of waste plastic modified asphalt should be identified and the performance evaluation system should be enriched by combining the characteristics of modified asphalt including compatibility and aging property.

Key words: modified asphalts, waste plastics, segregation, granular materials, rheology

摘要：

回收废塑料用于沥青改性对实现废塑料资源化利用和提升基质沥青性能具有重要意义，因而受到废塑料处理和道路沥青领域研究人员的广泛关注。本文着眼于废塑料与基质沥青的相容性问题和废塑料改性沥青的性能变化，系统阐述了废塑料的回收利用现状及其在沥青领域的应用成果，归纳总结了废塑料改性沥青相容性的表征方法和性能提升方式，梳理和分析了废塑料湿法改性沥青的高低温性能、流变特性、抗疲劳性能和抗老化特性等的研究成果。综合沥青性能和研究现状提出了废塑料改性沥青的研究建议：通过多尺度研究明确废塑料对沥青改性的作用机理，探究废塑料结构与改性沥青性能间的构效关系，确定提升废塑料改性沥青相容性和低温性能的低成本方式，结合废塑料改性沥青相容性及抗老化性等特点丰富其性能评价体系。

关键词: 改性沥青, 废塑料, 离析, 颗粒物料, 流变学

CLC Number:

U414

ZHANG Dongxu, YAO Qiang, HEI Shunan, LI Weidong, LIU Cheng, LI Zhijun, SONG Lechun, HAN Zhaoming. Compatibility and performance analysis of waste plastic modified asphalts: A review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(3): 1651-1665.

张东旭, 么强, 黑树楠, 李卫东, 刘成, 李志军, 宋乐春, 韩照明. 废塑料改性沥青相容性及性能分析研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(3): 1651-1665.

Figures/Tables 13

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塑料种类	熔点/℃	分类	主要应用
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）	250~280	工程塑料	塑料瓶、食品包装
低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）	100~130	通用塑料	塑料袋、农用薄膜、医用包装
高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）	120~150	通用塑料	瓶盖、玩具、家居用品、管材
聚丙烯（PP）	145~180	通用塑料	薄膜、编织袋、打包带、注塑制品
聚氯乙烯（PVC）	100~260	通用塑料	电线外皮、管材、鞋类、广告牌
丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物（ABS）	160~240	工程塑料	电源外壳及部件、机器零件、汽车部件
聚苯乙烯（PS）	160~250	通用塑料	仪表外壳、灯罩、电器部件、光学仪器
聚碳酸酯（PC）	225~250	工程塑料	防护玻璃、电器部件、光学及照明部件

塑料种类	熔点/℃	分类	主要应用
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）	250~280	工程塑料	塑料瓶、食品包装
低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）	100~130	通用塑料	塑料袋、农用薄膜、医用包装
高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）	120~150	通用塑料	瓶盖、玩具、家居用品、管材
聚丙烯（PP）	145~180	通用塑料	薄膜、编织袋、打包带、注塑制品
聚氯乙烯（PVC）	100~260	通用塑料	电线外皮、管材、鞋类、广告牌
丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物（ABS）	160~240	工程塑料	电源外壳及部件、机器零件、汽车部件
聚苯乙烯（PS）	160~250	通用塑料	仪表外壳、灯罩、电器部件、光学仪器
聚碳酸酯（PC）	225~250	工程塑料	防护玻璃、电器部件、光学及照明部件

年份	废塑料种类	添加方式	添加量	作用效果/主要结论	参考文献
2006	PE蜡/LDPE	熔融混合	质量分数0.5%~4%	改性沥青性能受其分子量影响，LDPE改性沥青出现相分离问题	[39]
2007	PE	碎片熔融	质量分数3%~7%	提高沥青高温性能	[40]
2009	LDPE	热解混合	质量分数2%~8%	提高沥青软化点，降低针入度和延度	[41]
2011	LDPE	碎片熔融	质量分数5%	降低沥青针入度、延度和闪点，提高软化点和弹性回复能力	[37]
2011	HDPE	颗粒熔融	质量分数1%~7%	提高沥青软化点，降低针入度和延度	[42]
2014	PVC	改性后加入	质量分数3%、5%	提高沥青抗车辙性能和复数模量	[5]
2014	PVC	颗粒熔融	质量分数6%	蒙脱土可提高PVC改性沥青性能	[43]
2014	PVC	粉末混合	质量分数1%~5%	提高沥青高温性能	[44]
2015	回收塑料	颗粒熔融	质量分数4.5%~6.5%	提高软化点，降低针入度和延度	[45]
2016	PET	颗粒混合	质量分数5%~15%	改善沥青抗车辙和抗疲劳性能	[46]
2017	PE/PP/混合	颗粒熔融/裂解处理	质量分数6%、8%	提高沥青软化点和黏度，易老化	[47]
2018	PET	氨解混合	质量分数3%~7%	PET降解物提高橡胶改性沥青黏度和车辙因子	[48]
2021	中密度聚乙烯（HDPE/MDPE）/ 线性低密度聚乙烯（LDPE/LLDPE）	颗粒熔融	质量分数5%	PE改性沥青效果与其种类相关，LDPE与基质沥青的相容性优于HDPE和MDPE	[49]
2019	HDPE	粉末熔融	质量分数5%	HDPE改性沥青存在明显相分离现象	[50]
2020	PE	颗粒熔融	质量分数2%~6%	提高沥青黏弹特性和抗疲劳性能，降低沥青低温性能	[51]
2020	PET	氨解混合	质量分数5%	提高高温性能，降低抗疲劳开裂能力	[52]
2021	HDPE/LDPE	颗粒熔融	质量分数2%~8%	拓宽基质沥青黏弹域	[53]
2021	PET	粉化混合	质量分数5%~20%	提高沥青动力黏度和抗车辙能力	[54]
2021	LDPE	颗粒熔融	质量分数4%~10%	温度和时间影响改性沥青性能	[55]
2021	PET	研磨混合	质量分数4%~8%	提高车辙因子和抗老化特性，降低疲劳因子	[56]
2021	LDPE	颗粒熔融	质量分数2%、4%	增加沥青高温黏度，离析实验软化点差大于50℃	[57]
2022	LDPE	颗粒熔融	质量分数2%、4%	苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段聚合物（SBS）可进一步改善LDPE改性沥青性能	[58]
2023	PE/PP	颗粒熔融/液相加入	质量分数2%~10%	塑料熔融后加入沥青的改性效果优于直接固相投入	[59]
2023	PP	颗粒熔融	质量分数4%~8%	废PP与橡胶、弹性体或纤维共混可提高改性沥青低温韧性	[60]
2023	PE	热解混合	质量分数2%~4%	提高沥青车辙因子和弹性回复能力	[61]

年份	废塑料种类	添加方式	添加量	作用效果/主要结论	参考文献
2006	PE蜡/LDPE	熔融混合	质量分数0.5%~4%	改性沥青性能受其分子量影响，LDPE改性沥青出现相分离问题	[39]
2007	PE	碎片熔融	质量分数3%~7%	提高沥青高温性能	[40]
2009	LDPE	热解混合	质量分数2%~8%	提高沥青软化点，降低针入度和延度	[41]
2011	LDPE	碎片熔融	质量分数5%	降低沥青针入度、延度和闪点，提高软化点和弹性回复能力	[37]
2011	HDPE	颗粒熔融	质量分数1%~7%	提高沥青软化点，降低针入度和延度	[42]
2014	PVC	改性后加入	质量分数3%、5%	提高沥青抗车辙性能和复数模量	[5]
2014	PVC	颗粒熔融	质量分数6%	蒙脱土可提高PVC改性沥青性能	[43]
2014	PVC	粉末混合	质量分数1%~5%	提高沥青高温性能	[44]
2015	回收塑料	颗粒熔融	质量分数4.5%~6.5%	提高软化点，降低针入度和延度	[45]
2016	PET	颗粒混合	质量分数5%~15%	改善沥青抗车辙和抗疲劳性能	[46]
2017	PE/PP/混合	颗粒熔融/裂解处理	质量分数6%、8%	提高沥青软化点和黏度，易老化	[47]
2018	PET	氨解混合	质量分数3%~7%	PET降解物提高橡胶改性沥青黏度和车辙因子	[48]
2021	中密度聚乙烯（HDPE/MDPE）/ 线性低密度聚乙烯（LDPE/LLDPE）	颗粒熔融	质量分数5%	PE改性沥青效果与其种类相关，LDPE与基质沥青的相容性优于HDPE和MDPE	[49]
2019	HDPE	粉末熔融	质量分数5%	HDPE改性沥青存在明显相分离现象	[50]
2020	PE	颗粒熔融	质量分数2%~6%	提高沥青黏弹特性和抗疲劳性能，降低沥青低温性能	[51]
2020	PET	氨解混合	质量分数5%	提高高温性能，降低抗疲劳开裂能力	[52]
2021	HDPE/LDPE	颗粒熔融	质量分数2%~8%	拓宽基质沥青黏弹域	[53]
2021	PET	粉化混合	质量分数5%~20%	提高沥青动力黏度和抗车辙能力	[54]
2021	LDPE	颗粒熔融	质量分数4%~10%	温度和时间影响改性沥青性能	[55]
2021	PET	研磨混合	质量分数4%~8%	提高车辙因子和抗老化特性，降低疲劳因子	[56]
2021	LDPE	颗粒熔融	质量分数2%、4%	增加沥青高温黏度，离析实验软化点差大于50℃	[57]
2022	LDPE	颗粒熔融	质量分数2%、4%	苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段聚合物（SBS）可进一步改善LDPE改性沥青性能	[58]
2023	PE/PP	颗粒熔融/液相加入	质量分数2%~10%	塑料熔融后加入沥青的改性效果优于直接固相投入	[59]
2023	PP	颗粒熔融	质量分数4%~8%	废PP与橡胶、弹性体或纤维共混可提高改性沥青低温韧性	[60]
2023	PE	热解混合	质量分数2%~4%	提高沥青车辙因子和弹性回复能力	[61]

塑料种类	塑料添加量（质量分数）/%	提升方法	主要结论	参考文献
PE	4	复配橡胶	橡胶颗粒掺入降低废塑料改性沥青的分离指数	[77]
HDPE	4.5~10.5	复配橡胶+增容剂	橡塑改性沥青在增容剂的作用下储存稳定性增强	[83]
PE/PP	2~12	复配SBS/丁苯橡胶（SBR）	SBS和SBR的加入有效防止了PE和PP颗粒的聚集	[66]
HDPE	4	复配SBS+LLDPE-g-MAH	改性沥青离析软化点差随着LLDPE-g-MAH含量增加而减小	[84]
LDPE/LLDPE/HDPE	4	加入马来酸酐	马来酸酐可提高塑料与基质沥青的相容性	[85]
PVC	6	添加有机蒙脱土	蒙脱土的加入促进PVC分散	[43]
LLDPE/LDPE	4	添加有机蒙脱土	有机蒙脱土的加入提高废塑料改性沥青的稳定性	[86]
PE	6	添加有机蒙脱土	有机蒙脱土的加入减小PE改性沥青离析软化点差	[87]
LDPE	3~5	添加硫黄	沥青离析软化点差随着硫黄含量增加而减小	[73]
PE	2.25~4.5	添加交联剂和SBS	化学交联剂加入可降低改性沥青分离比	[67]
PE	5	添加多聚磷酸（PPA）	PPA减小改性沥青的离析软化点差	[68]
LDPE/HDPE	2~5	添加PPA	PPA提高塑料改性沥青的热储存稳定性	[88]
PE	4	接枝马来酸酐	接枝马来酸酐可减小HDPE和LDPE改性沥青的离析软化点差和分离指数	[79]
LDPE	5	接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）	接枝GMA可显著减小LDPE改性沥青的离析软化点差	[71]
PET	3~6	水解单体+橡胶复配	橡胶含量的增加可提高改性沥青稳定性	[76]
PE	4	热裂解PE	热解PE蜡可提高改性沥青的高温稳定性	[39]
PE/PP/混合	6、8	热裂解	裂解废塑料改性沥青离析软化点差小于2.5℃	[47]
PET	15	生物油处理	微波环境下生物油处理的PET改性沥青不易相分离	[80]
PET	15	生物油处理/石墨烯纳米颗粒	生物油处理和其与石墨烯纳米颗粒的复合处理可提高改性沥青稳定性	[78]