Research progress on radial properties of wax deposits in crude oil pipelines

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1657

Abstract

Abstract:

The properties of wax deposits significantly impact crude oil pipeline pigging operation, and this topic has become a hotspot in flow assurance research. This paper reviews the recent research progress on the radial properties of wax deposits in crude oil pipelines and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the current experimental methods. The understanding and conclusions of the radial properties of wax deposits were expounded from four aspects: composition, wax precipitation characteristics, macroscopic appearance and microstructure, as well as mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the intrinsic influencing factors and acting mechanism were analyzed. The theoretical foundations and shortcomings of wax molecular diffusion coefficient and radial wax content distribution models were evaluated. Finally, the future research directions were presented: mechanical sampling device with higher accuracy needs to be developed, the influencing mechanism and quantitative relation between the macroscopic rheological properties of wax deposits and their microstructure characteristics need to be revealed, and predictive models of radial properties of wax deposits considering the diffusion kinetics of wax molecules in the porous media need to be established.

Key words: petroleum, diffusion, crystallization, deposition, rheology, radial property, aging

摘要：

蜡沉积物性质对原油管道清管方案的制定有重要影响，是原油流动保障领域的研究热点之一。本文回顾了近年来关于管道蜡沉积物径向特性的研究成果，对当前实验研究手段和方法进行了系统的对比分析；从蜡沉积物组成、析蜡特性、宏观形态与微观结构、力学特性四个方面深入阐述了对管道蜡沉积物径向性质的认识与结论，分析了其内在影响因素和作用机理；评述了蜡分子扩散系数及径向含蜡量分布预测模型的理论基础和存在缺陷；提出了未来的研究方向：加快研发更加精确的机械取样装置，深入研究沉积物微观结构特性对宏观流变性的影响机理并建立二者之间的定量关系，建立考虑多孔网状结构中蜡分子扩散动力学的蜡沉积物径向性质预测模型。

关键词: 石油, 扩散, 结晶, 沉积物, 流变学, 径向性质, 老化

CLC Number:

TE832

FAN Kaifeng, LI Si, HUANG Qiyu, WAN Yufei. Research progress on radial properties of wax deposits in crude oil pipelines[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(7): 3679-3692.

范开峰, 李思, 黄启玉, 万宇飞. 原油管道蜡沉积物径向性质研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(7): 3679-3692.

Figures/Tables 16

References 73

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方法	优点	缺点	研究者
机械取样法	采用铁片、刀片等工具对沉积物取样，对沉积物原始结构的扰动小；所得沉积物可以真实反应径向变化特性	对实验人员的操作熟练度和精准度要求高；当沉积物厚度较薄时，所得沉积物样品的量受限并且分层较少，通常只能刮取内外两层	范开峰等^{［11，43］}，Yang等^［28］，Li等^［29］，张国忠等^［38］，黄俊^［39］，Li等^［41］，Bai等^{［40，42］}
加热取样法	沉积物取样受温度控制，可以精确加载温度；可根据采用的温度区间分更多层位进行取样；每一层位所得样品数量相对较多	加热过程对沉积物原始结构扰动大，测试结果与真实情况有一定偏差	范开峰等^{［11，43］}，Li等^［12］

方法	优点	缺点	研究者
机械取样法	采用铁片、刀片等工具对沉积物取样，对沉积物原始结构的扰动小；所得沉积物可以真实反应径向变化特性	对实验人员的操作熟练度和精准度要求高；当沉积物厚度较薄时，所得沉积物样品的量受限并且分层较少，通常只能刮取内外两层	范开峰等^{［11，43］}，Yang等^［28］，Li等^［29］，张国忠等^［38］，黄俊^［39］，Li等^［41］，Bai等^{［40，42］}
加热取样法	沉积物取样受温度控制，可以精确加载温度；可根据采用的温度区间分更多层位进行取样；每一层位所得样品数量相对较多	加热过程对沉积物原始结构扰动大，测试结果与真实情况有一定偏差	范开峰等^{［11，43］}，Li等^［12］

模型	精确性	优缺点	适用性
Panacharoensawad模型	与实验数据吻合较好，未分析具体误差值	未考虑沉积物径向含蜡量差异，模型只能预测沉积物平均含蜡量	单相原油及含水率35%以内原油
Fogler课题组模型	与实验数据吻合很好，未给出具体误差值	预测结果与实际原油管道中的沉积物含蜡量分布不符	适用于层流流型及单相原油
范开峰模型	预测值与实验值相比，平均相对误差绝对值为10.48%	预测精度较高；径向含蜡量预测结果与实际管道含蜡量分布规律相同	适用于层流流型，可预测单相原油及含水率不高于30%的油包水乳状液管输工况

模型	精确性	优缺点	适用性
Panacharoensawad模型	与实验数据吻合较好，未分析具体误差值	未考虑沉积物径向含蜡量差异，模型只能预测沉积物平均含蜡量	单相原油及含水率35%以内原油
Fogler课题组模型	与实验数据吻合很好，未给出具体误差值	预测结果与实际原油管道中的沉积物含蜡量分布不符	适用于层流流型及单相原油
范开峰模型	预测值与实验值相比，平均相对误差绝对值为10.48%	预测精度较高；径向含蜡量预测结果与实际管道含蜡量分布规律相同	适用于层流流型，可预测单相原油及含水率不高于30%的油包水乳状液管输工况

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