Abstract:

Air pollution is a serious threat to human health, and the respiratory-protection masks can effectively prevent the damage of air pollutants to health and the spread of respiratory infectious diseases. However, the traditional micron fiber masks have disadvantages such as non-reusable and single function. The nanofiber membrane respirator protective masks prepared by electrospinning technology shows many advantages such as high efficiency, low resistance and multi-function. In this review, the research progress of respiratory protective masks based on electrospun nanofiber membranes in recent years was reviewed from the perspectives of research background, working principle, preparation method and practical application. The research directions of electrospun nanofiber masks included durable nanofiber membrane masks, antibacterial nanofiber membrane masks, volatile organic compounds adsorption nanofiber membrane masks and degradable nanofiber membrane masks. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of electrospun nanofiber membrane respirator protective masks were discussed, and the new development directions of respirator protective masks in the future were pointed out, including good moisture resistance, excellent comfort and multi-pollutant integrated removal performance. The results showed that electrospun nanofiber mask had tremendous development potential and application foreground in respiratory protection and can better cope with the increasingly complex and diverse respiratory protection applications.

Key words: electrospinning, respiratory protection, multifunctional mask, nanomaterials, membranes

摘要：

空气污染问题严重威胁着人类健康，呼吸防护口罩可有效阻止空气污染物对人体健康的损害以及呼吸道传染病的传播。然而，传统的微米级纤维口罩存在不可重复使用、功能单一等缺点，由静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维膜在呼吸防护口罩方面展现出高效、低阻、多功能等诸多优势。本文从研究背景、工作原理、制备方法以及实际应用等角度综述了近年来基于静电纺丝纳米纤维膜的呼吸防护口罩研究进展，包括耐用型纳米纤维膜口罩、抗菌型纳米纤维膜口罩、挥发性有机物吸附型纳米纤维膜口罩以及可降解型纳米纤维膜口罩等。最后，对静电纺丝纳米纤维膜呼吸防护口罩面临的挑战和未来研究方向进行了探讨，指出未来呼吸防护口罩的新发展方向包括：良好的抗湿性能、优异的舒适性以及多污染物协同拦截性能等。结果表明，静电纺丝纳米纤维膜口罩在呼吸防护方面存在巨大的发展潜力和应用前景，可以更好地应对日益复杂的呼吸防护应用需求。

关键词: 静电纺丝, 呼吸防护, 多功能口罩, 纳米材料, 膜