Abstract:

Along with the energy revolution and the advent of the hydrogen produced by electric power, the raw materials and technology for ammonia synthesis are constantly changing. In the context of the revolution of the hydrogen energy industry, the ammonia synthesis industry using hydrogen from water electrolysis in China is not easily constrained by capacity, quota, feedstock and resources, resulting in constructing the largest industrial chain of water electrolysis production and utilization of hydrogen in China. Ammonia synthesis will also transition from traditional hydrogen production from fossil feedstocks to ammonia synthesis from water electrolysis. In addition to being used for the production of fertilizer, ammonia synthesized from green power water electrolysis is expected to replace heavy oil for ship fuel, and to be used for energy storage and peak regulation in coal power plants to replace coal collaborated with the reducing carbon for the production of urea. The application scenario for ammonia synthesis will also shift from traditional synthetic ammonia urea plants from fossil feedstocks to hydrogen production from photovoltaic or wind power plants to produce ammonia, and the capture of carbon dioxide from coal power plant flue gas could produce ammonia to generate renewable urea. Hydrogen production from water electrolysis in oil and gas fields to produce ammonia can realize coupled co-production of electricity-hydrogen-ammonia above ground and oil and gas underground. Along with the changes and progress of hydrogen production from photovoltaic or wind power and ammonia synthesis technology, new challenges will be emerged, such as ammonia transportation, oxygen consumption by water electrolysis and steam consumption by ammonia synthesis.

Key words: CO₂ reduction, electrochemical ammonia synthesis, urea, hydrogen energy

摘要：

伴随能源革命与电氢时代的来临，氨合成的原料与技术也在不断更替。文章指出：在氢能产业重构的大背景下，由于中国的电解水制氢合成氨不易受产能、配额、原料及资源的限制，将有望成为电解水制氢及利用最大的产业链。氨合成也将从传统化石原料制氢向电解水制氢合成氨过渡。文章提出：由绿电电解水合成的氨除用于生产化肥外，有望替代重油用于船舶燃料，也可做储能调峰用于煤电厂代煤减碳生产尿素。氨合成的应用场景也将从传统化石原料合成氨尿素工厂转向光伏风电厂制氢生产氨，从而利用煤电厂烟气回收二氧化碳与氨生产可再生尿素。油气田电解水制氢生产氨，可实现地上电-氢-氨、地下油气的耦合联产。伴随光伏风电制氢与氨合成技术的变革与进展，势必将带来如氨运输、电解水副产氧消纳、氨合成副产蒸汽消纳等新挑战。

关键词: 二氧化碳减排, 电化学合成氨, 尿素, 氢能